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The Franco-Prussian War or Franco-German War, [b] often referred to in France as the War of 1870, was a conflict between the Second French Empire and the North German Confederation led by the Kingdom of Prussia. Lasting from 19 July 1870 to 28 January 1871, the conflict was caused primarily by France's determination to reassert its dominant ...
The end of the struggle against Prussia allowed a renewal of democratic agitation in Württemberg, but this had achieved no tangible results when the war broke out in 1870. Although Württemberg had continued to be antagonistic to Prussia, the kingdom shared in the national enthusiasm that swept over Germany.
Iron Kingdom: The Rise and Downfall of Prussia, 1600–1947 (2006) pp 298–320. Richardson, Constance. Memoirs of the Private Life and Opinions of Louisa, Queen of Prussia, Consort of Frederick William III (London, R. Bentley, 1847) online. Sheehan, James J. German History, 1770–1866 (1989). Wright, Constance.
The Hohenzollern Kingdom of Prussia was the primary driving force behind the unification of Germany. The Prussian-dominated North German Confederation later transformed in 1871 into the German Empire ; it was the legal predecessor of the united German Reich of 1871–1945, and as such a direct ancestor of the present-day Federal Republic of Germany ,
Coat of arms of the Kingdom of Prussia (1871–1918), in the era of Wilhelm II. The Hohenzollern family uses the motto Nihil Sine Deo (English: Nothing Without God ). The family coat of arms, first adopted in 1192, began as a simple shield quarterly sable and argent.
Prussian State Council. The Prussian House of Lords ( German: Preußisches Herrenhaus) in Berlin was the upper house of the Landtag of Prussia ( German: Preußischer Landtag ), the parliament of Prussia from 1850 to 1918. Together with the lower house, the House of Representatives ( Abgeordnetenhaus ), it formed the Prussian bicameral legislature.
Under the Kingdom of Prussia the Minister President functioned as the chief minister of the King, and presided over the Landtag (the Prussian legislature established in 1848). After the unification of Germany in 1871 and until the German Revolution of 1918–1919 , the office of the Prussian Minister President was usually held by the Chancellor of the German Empire , beginning with the tenure ...
