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Netherlands. The Frisian freedom ( West Frisian: Fryske frijheid; Dutch: Friese vrijheid; German: Friesische Freiheit) was period of absence of feudalism in Frisia during the Middle Ages. Its main aspects included freedom from serfdom, feudal duties and taxation, as well as the election of judges and adjudicators .
Middelzee. The Middelzee ( Dutch for "middle sea"; West Frisian: Middelsee ), also called Bordine, was the estuary mouth of the River Boorne (West Frisian: Boarn) now in the Dutch province of Friesland. It ran from as far south as Sneek northward to the Wadden Sea and marked the border between main Frisian regions of Westergoa (Westergo) and ...
Terminology. While Middle Low German (MLG) is a scholarly term developed in hindsight, speakers in their time referred to the language mainly as sassisch (Saxon) or de sassische sprâke (the Saxon language). This terminology was also still known in Luther 's time in the adjacent Central German -speaking areas. [4]
Middle Frisian and New Frisian Up until the 15th century West Frisian was widely spoken and written, but from 1500 onwards it became an almost exclusively oral language, mainly used in rural areas. This was in part due to the occupation of its stronghold, the Dutch province of Friesland ( Fryslân ), in 1498, by Albert III, Duke of Saxony , who replaced West Frisian as the language of ...
Within Europe, the three most prevalent West Germanic languages are English, German, and Dutch. Frisian, spoken by about 450,000 people, constitutes a fourth distinct variety of West Germanic. The language family also includes Afrikaans, Yiddish, Low Saxon, Luxembourgish, and Scots. Additionally, several creoles, patois, and pidgins are based ...
East Central German or East Middle German (German: Ostmitteldeutsch) is the eastern Central German language and is part of High German. Present-day Standard German as a High German variant, [1] has actually developed from a compromise of East Central (especially Upper Saxon that was promoted by Johann Christoph Gottsched ) and East Franconian German .
Modern West Frisian, beginning around 1800 with the Romantic movement, went through a rebirth. Many authors once again came to appreciate their language, and scholars studied West Frisian from an academic standpoint. Organizations were formed that drew supporters from upper and middle-class backgrounds.
