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The Ottoman Empire was named for Osman I (1259–1326), a Turkish Muslim prince in Bithynia who conquered neighbouring regions once held by the Seljūq dynasty and founded his own ruling line c. 1300. Ottoman troops first invaded Europe in 1345, sweeping through the Balkans. Though defeated by Timur in 1402, by 1453 the Ottomans, under Mehmed ...
Territorial evolution of the Ottoman Empire. The origins of the Ottomans can be traced back to the late 11th century when a few small Muslim emirates of Turkic origins and nomadic nature—called Beyliks—started to be found in different parts of Anatolia Their main role was to defend Seljuk border areas with the Byzantine Empire —a role reinforced by the migration of many Turks to Asia Minor.
The Ottoman Turks: An Introductory History to 1923. Longman. ISBN 978-0-582-25655-2. McMeekin, Sean (2010). The Berlin-Baghdad Express: The Ottoman Empire and Germany's Bid for World Power. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-05739-5. Pamuk, Şevket (2000).
v. t. e. An empire is a political unit made up of several territories, military outposts, and peoples, "usually created by conquest, and divided between a dominant center and subordinate peripheries". [1] The center of the empire (sometimes referred to as the metropole) exercises political control over the peripheries. [2]
The stagnation and reform of the Ottoman Empire (1683–1827) ended with the dismemberment of Ottoman Classical Army. The issue during the decline and modernization of the Ottoman Empire (1828–1908) was to create a military (a security apparatus) that could win wars and bring security to its subjects.
The Eastern Army of the Ottoman Empire ( Turkish: Şark Ordusu) was one of the field armies of the Ottoman Army. It was formed during the mobilization phase of the First Balkan War. It confronted Bulgarian forces. On October 29, 1912, it was reorganized and renamed as the First Eastern Army ( Birinci Şark Ordusu ). [1]
Six elections were held in the Ottoman Empire for the Chamber of Deputies, the popularly elected lower house of the General Assembly, the Ottoman parliament: Ottoman general election, 1877 (first) Ottoman general election, 1877 (second) 1908 Ottoman general election. 1912 Ottoman general election.
