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Entropy is a scientific concept that is most commonly associated with a state of disorder, randomness, or uncertainty. The term and the concept are used in diverse fields, from classical thermodynamics, where it was first recognized, to the microscopic description of nature in statistical physics, and to the principles of information theory.
The second law of thermodynamics states that the total entropy of a system either increases or remains constant in any spontaneous process; it never decreases. An important implication of this law is that heat transfers energy spontaneously from higher- to lower-temperature objects, but never spontaneously in the reverse direction.
La entropía es una propiedad del estado. Así, el cambio en la entropía ΔS de un sistema entre el estado uno y el estado dos es el mismo sin importar cómo se produzca el cambio. Solo necesitamos encontrar o imaginar un proceso reversible que nos lleve del estado uno al estado dos y calcular ΔS para ese proceso.
En termodinámica, la entropía (simbolizada como S) es una magnitud física para un sistema termodinámico en equilibrio.
The second law of thermodynamics states that in a reversible process, the entropy of the universe is constant, whereas in an irreversible process, such as the transfer of heat from a hot object to a cold object, the entropy of the universe increases.
The total entropy, Eq. (2.6), may be written Stotal ( E | T) = S ( E) – E / T, and it isextremised at E = Ē ( T) (suppressing N and V ). The function Stotal ( T) ≡ Stotal ( E ( T )| T) is the transformation of the entropy as a function of energy, S ( E ), to the entropy as a function of temperature, Stotal ( T ).
Entropy. In Equations ( 13.4.1) and ( 13.4.2 ), we have taken T1 and T2 to be the initial temperatures of the two systems, but in general, of course, these temperatures will change during the heat transfer process.
