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Andreas Fritz Hillgruber (18 January 1925 – 8 May 1989) was a conservative German historian who was influential as a military and diplomatic historian who played a leading role in the Historikerstreit of the 1980s.
Andreas Fritz Hillgruber (Angerburg, 18 de enero de 1925; Colonia, 8 de mayo de 1989) fue un historiador alemán conservador, influyente como historiador militar y diplomático, que desempeñó un papel destacado en la Historikerstreit de la década de 1980 en Alemania.
Andreas Fritz Hillgruber (Angerburg, 18 de enero de 1925; Colonia, 8 de mayo de 1989) fue un historiador alemán conservador, influyente como historiador militar y diplomático, que desempeñó un papel destacado en la Historikerstreit de la década de 1980 en Alemania.
26 de may. de 1989 · Andreas Hillgruber, a controversial German historian and catalyst of acrimonious debate on the historical perspective of the Holocaust, died this month after a long illness, Cologne University...
- Origin
- Arguments
- Functionalism
- Intentionalism
- Synthesis
- See Also
The search for the causes of the Holocaust began almost as soon as World War II ended. At the Nuremberg War Crimes Trials of 1945–46, the "Final Solution to the Jewish Question in Europe" was represented by the prosecution as part of the long-term plan on the part of the Nazi leadership going back to the foundations of the Nazi Party in 1919. Subse...
Those historians who take an intentionalist line, like Andreas Hillgruber, argue that everything that happened after Operation Barbarossa was part of a master plan he credited Hitler with developing in the 1920s. Hillgruber wrote in his 1967 book Germany and the Two World Warsthat the The German historian Helmut Krausnickargued that: Alfred Streim ...
Extreme
Extreme functionalists such as Martin Broszat believe that the Nazi leadership did not consciously initiate the Holocaust and that initiative instead came from the lower ranks of the German bureaucracy. This philosophy is what is known as the bottom-up approach of the Holocaust. Götz Aly has made much of documents from the bureaucracy of the German Government-General of Poland arguing that the population of Poland would have to decrease by 25% to allow the Polish economy to grow. Criticism ce...
Moderate
Moderate functionalists, such as Karl Schleunes and Christopher Browning, believe that the rivalry within the unstable Nazi power structure provided the major driving force behind the Holocaust. Moderate functionalists believe that the Nazis aimed to expel all of the Jews from Europe, but only after the failure of these schemes did they resort to genocide. This is sometimes referred to as the "twisted road" to genocide, after a book by Schleunes called The Twisted Road to Auschwitz.
Extreme
Lucy Dawidowicz argued that Hitler already decided upon the Holocaust no later than 1919. To support her interpretation, Dawidowicz pointed to numerous extreme anti-Semitic statements made by Hitler. According to a Reichswehr report from an April 1920 meeting, Hitler said: "We will carry on the struggle until the last Jew is removed from the German Reich". A Bavarian police report reported that according to Hitler, the NSDAP would bring about a revolution that would "thoroughly clean out the...
Moderate
Moderate intentionalists such as Richard Breitman and Saul Friedlander believe that Hitler decided upon the Holocaust sometime after coming to power in the 1930s and no later than 1939 or 1941. This school refers to Hitler's "Prophecy Speech" of January 30, 1939 before the Reichstag where Hitler stated "If the international Jewish financiers in and outside Europe should succeed in plunging the nations once again into a world war, then the result will not be the victory of Jewry, but the annih...
A number of scholars such as Arno J. Mayer, Yehuda Bauer, Peter Longerich, Ian Kershaw, Michael Burleigh, Frank McDonough and Michael Marrus have developed a synthesis of the functionalist and intentionalist schools.[citation needed] They have suggested the Holocaust was a result of pressures that came from both above and below and that Hitler lack...
16 de dic. de 2008 · Hillgruber supervised the early stages of this book. For the German army's role in the war of annihilation in the East, see especially the superb work by Streit , Christian , Keine Kameraden: Die Wehrmacht und die sowjetischen Kriegsgefangenen 1941–1945 ( Stuttgart , 1978 ).
25 de may. de 1989 · Prof. Andreas Hillgruber, a prominent West German historian who was involved in a controversy bearing on the ''final solution,'' died May 8 in a hospital in Cologne after a long illness, his...
