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Anarchy in Action is a book exploring anarchist thought and practice, written by Colin Ward and first published in 1973. [1] The book is a seminal introduction to anarchism but differs considerably to others by concentrating on the possibility of an anarchism rooted in everyday experience, and not necessarily linked to industrial and ...
- Anarchy (international relations)
In international relations theory, the concept of anarchy is...
- Anarchy (international relations)
Anarchism is a political philosophy and movement that is against all forms of authority and seeks to abolish the institutions it claims maintain unnecessary coercion and hierarchy, typically including the state and capitalism. Anarchism advocates for the replacement of the state with stateless societies and voluntary free associations.
- Definition
- Conceptual Development
- Anarchist Thought
As a concept, anarchy is commonly defined by what it excludes. Etymologically, anarchy is derived from the Greek: αναρχία, romanized: anarchia; where "αν" ("an") means "without" and "αρχία" ("archia") means "ruler". Therefore, anarchy is fundamentally defined by the absence of rulers. While anarchy specifically represents a society without rulers, ...
Classical philosophy
When the word "anarchy" (Greek: αναρχία, romanized: anarkhia) was first defined in ancient Greece, it initially had both a positive and negative connotation, respectively referring to spontaneous order or chaos without rulers. The latter definition was taken by the philosopher Plato, who criticised Athenian democracy as "anarchical", and his disciple Aristotle, who questioned how to prevent democracy from descending into anarchy. Ancient Greek philosophy initially understood anarchy to be a c...
Post-classical development
During the Middle Ages, the word "anarchia" came into use in Latin, in order to describe the eternal existence of the Christian God. It later came to reconstitute its original political definition, describing a society without government. Christian theologists came to claim that all humans were inherently sinful and ought to submit to the omnipotence of higher power, with the French protestant reformer John Calvin declaring that even the worst form of tyranny was preferable to anarchy. The Sc...
Enlightenment philosophy
Political philosophers of the Age of Enlightenment contrasted the state with what they called the "state of nature", a hypothetical description of stateless society, although they disagreed on its definition. Thomas Hobbes considered the state of nature to be a "nightmare of permanent war of all against all". In contrast, John Locke considered it to be a harmonious society in which people lived "according to reason, without a common superior". They would be subject only to natural law, with o...
Proudhon
Pierre-Joseph Proudhon was the first person to describe themself as an anarchist, adopting the label in order to provoke those that took anarchy to mean disorder. Proudhon was one of the first people to use the word "anarchy" (French: anarchie) in a positive sense, to mean a free society without government. To Proudhon, as anarchy did not allow coercion, it could be defined synoymously with liberty. In arguing against monarchy, he claimed that "the Republic is a positive anarchy [...] it is t...
Bakunin
One of Proudhon's keenest students was the Russian revolutionary Mikhail Bakunin, who adopted his critiques of private property and government, as well as his views on the desirability of anarchy. During the Revolutions of 1848, Bakunin wrote of his hopes of igniting a revolutionary upheaval in the Russian Empire, writing to the German poet Georg Herweghthat: "I do not fear anarchy, but desire it with all my heart". Although he still used the negative definition of anarchy as disorder, he nev...
3 de oct. de 2017 · Anarchism is a political theory that is skeptical of the justification of authority and power. Anarchism is usually grounded in moral claims about the importance of individual liberty, often conceived as freedom from domination.
Colin Ward in his main theoretical publication Anarchy in Action (1973) in a chapter called "Schools No Longer" "discusses the genealogy of education and schooling, in particular examining the writings of Everett Reimer and Ivan Illich, and the beliefs of anarchist educator Paul Goodman.
La palabra anarquía deriva del griego «ἀναρχία» («anarkhia»). Está compuesta del prefijo griego ἀν- (an), que significa «no» o «sin», y de la raíz arkhê (en griego ἀρχή, «origen», «principio», «poder» o «mandato». La antípoda de sinarquía .). La etimología del término designa, de una manera general ...
