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Henry I (4 May 1008 – 4 August 1060) was King of the Franks from 1031 to 1060. The royal demesne of France reached its smallest size during his reign, and for this reason he is often seen as emblematic of the weakness of the early Capetians.
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Henry I (c. 1068 – 1 December 1135), also known as Henry...
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Henry IV ( French: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May...
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Henry I of France (4 May, 1008 – 4 August, 1060), also...
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PortraitNameArmsReignHugh "Capet" Hugues [l]1 June 987 [xiii] – 24 October 996 (9 ...Elected king by the French nobles. Son of ...c. 940 – 24 October 996 (aged approx. 55) ...24 October 996 [xiv] – 20 July 1031 (34 ...Only son of Hugh Capetc. 970 – 20 July 1031 (aged approx. 60) ...Hughes (junior king) [n]19 June 1017 – 17 September 1025 (under ...Son of Robert IIc. 1007 – 17 September 1025 (aged approx.20 July 1031 [xv] – 4 August 1060 (29 ...Son of Robert IIc. 1005 – 4 August 1060 (aged approx. 55) ...Henry I (born c. 1008—died Aug. 2 or 4, 1060, Vitry-aux-Loges, France) was the king of France from 1026 to 1060 whose reign was marked by struggles against rebellious vassals.
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Henry I (c. 1068 – 1 December 1135), also known as Henry Beauclerc, was King of England from 1100 to his death in 1135. He was the fourth son of William the Conqueror and was educated in Latin and the liberal arts .
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Henry I (born 1069, Selby, Yorkshire, England—died December 1, 1135, Lyons-la-Forêt, Normandy) youngest and ablest of William I the Conqueror’s sons, who, as king of England (1100–35), strengthened the crown’s executive powers and, like his father, also ruled Normandy (from 1106).
Henry was crowned at Westminster on August 5, 1100, three days after his brother, King William II, William the Conqueror’s second son, had been killed in a hunting accident. Duke Robert Curthose, the eldest of the three brothers, who by Norman custom had succeeded to his father’s inheritance in Normandy, was returning from the First Crusade and could not assert his own claim to the English throne until the following year. The succession was precarious, however, because a number of wealthy Anglo-Norman barons supported Duke Robert, and Henry moved quickly to gain all the backing he could. He issued an ingenious Charter of Liberties, which purported to end capricious taxes, confiscations of church revenues, and other abuses of his predecessor. By his marriage with Matilda, a Scottish princess of the old Anglo-Saxon royal line, he established the foundations for peaceable relations with the Scots and support from the English. And he recalled St. Anselm, the scholarly archbishop of Canterbury whom his brother, William II, had banished.
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When Robert Curthose finally invaded England in 1101, several of the greatest barons defected to him. But Henry, supported by a number of his barons, most of the Anglo-Saxons, and St. Anselm, worked out an amicable settlement with the invaders. Robert relinquished his claim to England, receiving in return Henry’s own territories in Normandy and a large annuity.
Although a Crusading hero, Robert was a self-indulgent, vacillating ruler who allowed Normandy to slip into chaos. Norman churchmen who fled to England urged Henry to conquer and pacify the duchy and thus provided moral grounds for Henry’s ambition to reunify his father’s realm at his brother’s expense. Paving his way with bribes to Norman barons and agreements with neighbouring princes, in 1106 Henry routed Robert’s army at Tinchebrai in southwestern Normandy and captured Robert, holding him prisoner for life.
Between 1104 and 1106 Henry had been in the uncomfortable position of posing, in Normandy, as a champion of the church while fighting with his own archbishop of Canterbury. St. Anselm had returned from exile in 1100 dedicated to reforms of Pope Paschal II, which were designed to make the church independent of secular sovereigns. Following papal bans against lay lords investing churchmen with their lands and against churchmen rendering homage to laymen, Anselm refused to consecrate bishops whom Henry had invested and declined to do homage to Henry himself. Henry regarded bishoprics and abbeys not only as spiritual offices but as great sources of wealth. Since in many cases they owed the crown military services, he was anxious to maintain the feudal bond between the bishops and the crown.
Henry I was a skillful, intelligent monarch who achieved peace in England, relative stability in Normandy, and notable administrative advances on both sides of the Channel. Under Henry, the Anglo-Norman state his father had created was reunited. Royal justices began making systematic tours of the English shires, but, although his administrative pol...
Henry I of France (4 May, 1008 – 4 August, 1060), also called Henri I of France and Henri Capet of France, was the King of France from 1031 until his death in 1060. He was the third son of King Robert II of France and his wife Constance Taillefer d'Arles. He was also uncle to Matilda of Flanders, Queen of England, (William the ...
Henry IV ( French: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithets Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. He was the first monarch of France from the House of Bourbon, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty.
