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The House of Biron is the name of the Baltic German aristocratic family which was the ruling family of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. The family also enjoyed privileges and influence during the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and in the Russian Empire . History.
- Armand de Gontaut, Baron of Biron
Armand de Gontaut, Baron of Biron (French pronunciation:...
- Category:House of Biron
W. Princess Wilhelmine, Duchess of Sagan. Categories:...
- Armand de Gontaut, Baron of Biron
Charles de Gontaut, 1st Duke of Biron ( c. 1562 –31 July 1602) [1] was a French noble, military commander, Admiral, Marshal and governor during the final days of the French Wars of Religion.
Páginas en la categoría «Casa de Biron». Dorotea von Medem. Ernst Johann von Biron. Guillermina de Sagan. Paulina de Sagan. Peter von Biron. Categorías: Alemanes del Báltico.
- Early Years
- Ruling Russia
- Duke of Courland and Semigallia
- Fall from Power
- Later Years
- See Also
- References
Biron was born as Ernst Johann von Bühren in Kalnciems, Semigallia as a second son of Karl von Bühren (1653-1733) and his wife Katharina Hedwig von der Raab genannt Thülen (1660-1740). His grandfather Carl von Bühren (died in 1674) had been a groom in the service of Jacob Kettler, Duke of Courland, and had received a small estate from his master, w...
In 1723, Biron married Benigna Gottlieb von Trotha gt Treyden (1703–1782), lady-in-waiting to Regent Anna and the daughter of a Baltic nobleman. The marriage, which was reportedly arranged by Anna in an attempt to conceal her own relationship with Biron, proved harmonious and felicitous. His wife remained devoted to Biron not only throughout his ye...
The climax of his elevation occurred in June 1737 when, on the extinction of the line of Kettler, the nobility ('estates') of Courland were arm-twisted into electing Biron as their reigning duke. Anna had been the wife of the penultimate duke, whose successor, his uncle Ferdinand, died childless in that year. The Kettler dynasty being now extinct, ...
Outwardly humble during his first years in power, Biron became haughty and overbearing towards the end of Anna's reign. This behavior and the gruesome execution on somewhat dubious charges of his erstwhile protégé, the cabinet minister Artemy Volynsky(insisted upon by Biron), made Biron unpopular with Russians of all classes. On her deathbed, very ...
For 22 years, the ex-regent disappeared from the high places of history. He re-emerged for a brief moment in 1762, when the Germanophile Peter III of Russia summoned him to court. In 1763, Catherine II of Russia re-established him in his duchy of Courland, which he bequeathed to his son Peter in 1769. The last years of his rule were just and even b...
Christoph Hermann von Manstein, Memoirs(English edition, London, 1856)This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Bain, Robert Nisbet (1911). "Biren, Ernst Johann". In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 3 (11th ed.). C...This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Peck, H. T.; Colby, F. M., eds. (1905). "Biron, Ernest John" . New International Encyclopedia(1st ed.). Ne...The House of Biron is the name of the Baltic German aristocratic family which was the ruling family of the Duchy of Courland and Semigallia. The family also enjoyed privileges and influence during the times of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth and in the Russian Empire.
