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A Kirkwood gap is a gap or dip in the distribution of the semi-major axes (or equivalently of the orbital periods) of the orbits of main-belt asteroids. They correspond to the locations of orbital resonances with Jupiter .
5 de mar. de 2020 · An asteroid in the 3:1 Kirkwood gap would orbit the Sun around three times for each Jovian orbit, for example. The weaker resonances occur at other semi-major axis values, with fewer asteroids found than nearby. The core population of the asteroid belt is divided into the inner and outer zones.
Kirkwood gaps, interruptions that appear in the distribution of asteroid semimajor axes where the orbital period of any small body present would be a simple fraction of that of Jupiter. Several zones of low density in the minor-planet population were noticed about 1860 by Daniel Kirkwood, an.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Updated January 2, 2024. Kirkwood Gaps. Image: This histogram clearly shows Kirkwood's major gaps in the main asteroid belt. The gaps (labeled “3:1”, “5:2”, “7:3”, “2:1”) are caused by mean motion resonances between an asteroid and Jupiter. JPL NASA (Public domain). The clever work of astronomer Daniel Kirkwood.
Overview: Kirkwood Gaps are a feature of main belt asteroids’ orbit, where there are gaps in the distribution of asteroids associated with certain semimajor axes (one-half of the longest dimension of an ellipse). These gaps are a result of orbital resonances with Jupiter. Specifics: In general, the orbit of celestial bodies is elliptical.
These gaps (labeled "3:1", "5:2", "7:3", "2:1") are caused by mean-motion resonances between an asteroid and Jupiter. For example, the 3:1 Kirkwood gap is located where the ratio of an asteroid's orbital period to that of Jupiter is 3/1 (the asteroid completes 3 orbits for every 1 orbit of Jupiter).
All asteroids with orbital distances that form a simple ratio with that of Jupiter will be affected by such gravitational perturbations. Key Kirkwood gaps occur at the 2:1, 3:1, 5:2, and 7:3 orbital resonances, while major concentrations of asteroids are found at the 3:2 and 1:1 ( Trojan asteroids) orbital resonances.
