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The four tones of Middle Chinese, 平 píng level, 上 shǎng rising, 去 qù departing, and 入 rù entering, all evolved from different final losses from Old Chinese. The 上, or rising tone, arose from the loss of glottal stops at the end of words.
Middle Chinese (formerly known as Ancient Chinese) or the Qieyun system (QYS) is the historical variety of Chinese recorded in the Qieyun, a rime dictionary first published in 601 and followed by several revised and expanded editions.
The Chinese names of the main four tones are respectively 阴平; 陰平; yīnpíng; 'dark level', 阳平; 陽平; yángpíng; 'light level', 上; shǎng or shàng ('rising'), and 去; qù; 'departing'. As descriptions, they apply rather to the predecessor Middle Chinese tones than to the modern tones.
The four tones of Middle Chinese, 平 píng level, 上 shǎng rising, 去 qù departing, and 入 rù entering, all evolved from different final losses from Old Chinese. The 上, or rising tone, arose from the loss of glottal stops at the end of words.
This chapter introduces the phonological structure of Qieyun切韵 ‘Segmenting Rhymes’, a rhyme dictionary of Middle Chinese (MC), its relationship with Old and Middle Chinese phonologies, and its impact on the study of the history of Chinese phonology.
9 de jun. de 2020 · Middle Chinese phonology is mainly based on the information from the phonological system of the Qièyùn 切韻, a rhyme dictionary compiled in 601. The literary standard represented by the Qièyùn and its later revisions served as the rhyming standard for centuries, even up until modern times.
9 de jun. de 2020 · Middle Chinese phonology, as a period of the Chinese language, also has its variants in time and space. It has been proposed that Middle Chinese should be further divided into two periods: Early Middle Chinese and Late Middle Chinese.
