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Radioactive waste is a type of hazardous waste that contains radioactive material. Radioactive waste is a result of many activities, including nuclear medicine, nuclear research, nuclear power generation, nuclear decommissioning, rare-earth mining, and nuclear weapons reprocessing.
21 de ene. de 2022 · New IAEA Report Presents Global Overview of Radioactive Waste and Spent Fuel Management. 21 Jan 2022. Nicholas Watson, IAEA Department of Nuclear Energy. Significant progress has been made in the safe and effective management of radioactive waste globally, an IAEA report finds.
- High-Level Waste
- Storage and Disposal
- NRC Responsibilities
- Responsibilities of Other Government Agencies
- Low-Level Waste
- Mill Tailings
High-level radioactive waste primarily is uranium fuel that has been used in a nuclear power reactor and is "spent," or no longer efficient in producing electricity. Spent fuel is thermally hot as well as highly radioactive and requires remote handling and shielding. Nuclear reactor fuel contains ceramic pellets of uranium-235 inside of metal rods....
All U.S. nuclear power plants store spent nuclear fuel in "spent fuel pools." These pools are made of reinforced concrete several feet thick, with steel liners. The water is typically about 40 feet deep and serves both to shield the radiation and cool the rods. As the pools near capacity, utilities move some of the older spent fuel into "dry cask" ...
The NRC licenses and regulates the receipt and possession of high-level waste at privately owned facilities and at certain DOE facilities. The DOE facilities subject to NRC regulation are defined by law to include: (1) facilities used primarily for receiving and storing high-level waste from activities licensed under the Atomic Energy Act and (2) f...
Other government agencies play a role in managing high-level waste. The Department of Energyplans and carries out programs for safe handling of DOE-generated radioactive wastes, develops waste disposal technologies, and will design, construct and operate disposal facilities for DOE-generated and commercial high-level wastes. DOE has completed solid...
Low-level wastes, generally defined as radioactive wastes other than high-level and wastes from uranium recovery operations, are commonly disposed of in near-surface facilities rather than in a geologic repository. There is no intent to recover the wastes once they are disposed of. Low-level waste includes items that have become contaminated with r...
Another type of radioactive waste consists of tailings generated during the milling of certain ores to extract uranium or thorium. These wastes have relatively low concentrations of radioactive materials with long half-lives. Tailings contain radium (which, through radioactive decay, becomes radon), thorium, and small residual amounts of uranium le...
Radioactive waste is an unavoidable by-product of the use of radioactive material and nuclear technology. Most radioactive waste comes from nuclear electricity production and military activities.
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11 de mar. de 2024 · Long-term, sustainable solutions for radioactive waste management require a combination of technical expertise, regulatory oversight, and ongoing research to ensure the safe containment and...
- Kristina Kvashnina
Home. Topics. Nuclear safety and security. Radioactive waste and spent fuel management. Disposal is the final step in the management of radioactive waste. Its aim is to provide safety through emplacement of waste in facilities designed for appropriate levels of containment and isolation.
20 de may. de 2021 · Radioactive wastes are the wastes that contain radioactive elements (radionuclides) that can cause ionizing radiation damage upon exposure to the biological life forms and potentially hazardous to the environment. In addition to naturally occurring radionuclides, radioactive elements are also generated through nuclear engineering processes.
