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Joseph II (born March 13, 1741, Vienna, Austria—died Feb. 20, 1790, Vienna) was the Holy Roman emperor (1765–90), at first coruler with his mother, Maria Theresa (1765–80), and then sole ruler (1780–90) of the Austrian Habsburg dominions. An “enlightened despot,” he sought to introduce administrative, legal, economic, and ...
瑪麗亞·特蕾莎·瓦爾布加·阿馬利婭·克里斯蒂娜（德語： Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina ；1717年5月13日—1780年11月29日），哈布斯堡家族史上唯一女性統治者，也是哈布斯堡王朝直系血脈最後一位統治者，統治範圍覆蓋奧地利、匈牙利王國、克羅埃西亞、波希米亞、特蘭西瓦尼亞、曼托瓦、米蘭 ...
Maria Theresa: Empress and mother of her peoples. Maria Theresa’s reign is commonly seen as a golden age of the Habsburg monarchy. However, many of the present-day images of the Empress are based on clichés. In 1740, the provisions of the Pragmatic Sanction enabled Charles VI’s 23-year-old daughter Maria Theresa to take on her father’s ...
In 1750 in a handwritten document Maria Theresa defined the core lands of the Monarchy, which consisted of the Austrian Lands (Lower Austria, Upper Austria, Styria, Carinthia, Carniola, the various territories on the Upper Adriatic as well as Tyrol and the Habsburg Swabian territories) and the Bohemian Lands (Bohemia, Moravia and the parts of Silesia that remained under Austrian rule).
The Austrian National Library presents the person of Maria Theresa and her role in Austria and Europe from February 17 to June 5, 2017. More than 160 drawings, paintings and prints, some of which have never been previously displayed, reveal the wide variety of the aspects of Maria Theresa, opening up a broad panorama of her life and the lasting effects of her reign.
Today, Maria Theresa’s enlightened absolutism meets with almost unlimited sympathy. However, the image of a mother-figure devoted to the common weal should be balanced with the awareness that her thought and work were very conservative and by no means progressive. Like her predecessors and successors, she regarded herself as holding power by divine right, considered the
Maria Theresa of Austria (13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the only female sovereign of the Habsburg Dynasty. She reigned as the de facto Empress Regnant of the Holy Roman Empire and Queen of Germany. She was also queen of Hungary and Bohemia, archduchess of Austria, and held many other titles. During her rule she changed the royal palace ...
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