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Maria Theresa (1717 – 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Transylvania, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands and Parma. By marriage, she was Duchess of Lorraine, Grand Duchess of Tuscany and Holy ...
This pre-modern view of monarchical power has come to be known by the term ‘enlightened Absolutism’. Maria Theresa had a conservative understanding of monarchical rule, seeing herself as having been entrusted with her office as ruler by divine right. Thus it was to God and not her people that she had to justify her actions.
Maria Theresia von Österreich (* 13. Mai 1717 in Wien; † 29. November 1780 ebenda) war eine Fürstin aus dem Hause Habsburg. [1] Die von 1740 bis zu ihrem Tod regierende Erzherzogin von Österreich und Königin u. a. von Ungarn (mit Kroatien) und Böhmen zählte zu den prägenden Monarchen der Ära des aufgeklärten Absolutismus.
XML. A major new biography of the iconic Austrian empress that challenges the many myths about her life and rule Maria Theresa (1717-1780) was once the most powerful woman in Europe. At the age of twenty-three, she ascended to the throne of the Habsburg Empire, a far-flung realm composed of diverse ethnicities and languages, beset on all sides ...
The battle against smallpox. ‘Throughout the world sixty out of a hundred people are afflicted with smallpox’, warned the philosopher Voltaire in 1734. In the time of Maria Theresa medicine began the battle against this epidemic disease. Smallpox or variola, an infectious disease that was spread by droplets, for example as a result of ...
The sudden death of her husband Francis Stephen in 1765 plunged Maria Theresa into deep despair, and from this time on she wore nothing but black widow’s weeds. Her elder son Joseph II became Emperor, but Maria Theresa retained control of the government until her death. In November 1780, the Regent’s health deteriorated.
Maria Theresa: Empress and mother of her peoples. Maria Theresa’s reign is commonly seen as a golden age of the Habsburg monarchy. However, many of the present-day images of the Empress are based on clichés. In 1740, the provisions of the Pragmatic Sanction enabled Charles VI’s 23-year-old daughter Maria Theresa to take on her father’s ...
