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The Norman conquest of England introduced the continental Frankish title of "count" (comes) into England, which soon became identified with the previous titles of Danish "jarl" and Anglo-Saxon "earl" in England. Until the reign of Edward III in the 14th century, the peerage of England consisted exclusively of earls and barons.
Modern laws. The law applicable to a British hereditary peerage depends on which Kingdom it belongs to. Peerages of England, Great Britain, and the United Kingdom follow English law; the difference between them is that peerages of England were created before the Act of Union 1707, peerages of Great Britain between 1707 and the Union with Ireland in 1800, and peerages of the United Kingdom ...
Dukes of Beaufort (13 P) Dukes of Bedford (20 P) Dukes of Berwick (13 P) Dukes of Bolton (6 P) Dukes of Buckingham (4 C, 1 P) Dukes of Buckingham and Normanby (3 P)
The following is the order of precedence in England and Wales as of May 2024. Separate orders exist for men and women . Names in italics indicate that these people rank elsewhere—either higher in that table of precedence or in the table for the other sex. Titles in italics indicate the same thing for their holders, or that they are vacant.
Complete peerage of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, extant, extinct or dormant. Vol. 1–8 (1st ed.). London: George Bell & Sons. Cracroft-Brennan, Patrick. "Cracroft's Peerage" (web). Heraldic Media Limited
A Duke is never called a lord. 'Your grace' is used for a Duke. Since 2004 a list of peers has been kept by the Lord Chancellor and Secretary of State for Justice. This list, called the Roll of Peerage had to be kept to prove who was a peer. The list of members of the House of Lords used to be the same until the hereditary peers were excluded.
The modern-day peerage is descended from the peerage of England created after the Norman conquest, the peerage of Scotland, and the peerage of Ireland. In each of these lands the peerage was originally a group of trusted advisors and favourites to the king, and depending on the country they were given several privileges that commoners did not have.
