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Epistemology. In philosophy, rationalism is the epistemological view that "regards reason as the chief source and test of knowledge" [1] or "any view appealing to reason as a source of knowledge or justification", [2] often in contrast to other possible sources of knowledge such as faith, tradition, or sensory experience. More formally ...
German philosophy, meaning philosophy in the German language or philosophy by German people, in its diversity, is fundamental for both the analytic and continental traditions. It covers figures such as Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Ludwig Wittgenstein ...
A Doctor of Philosophy ( PhD, Ph.D., or DPhil; Latin: philosophiae doctor or doctor philosophiae) is the most common degree at the highest academic level, awarded following a course of study and research. The degree is most often abbreviated PhD (or, at times, as Ph.D. in North America ). It is derived from the Latin Philosophiae Doctor ...
Richard H Popkin (ed). Philosophy of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. The Free Press. 1966. Google Books. Henry Osborn Taylor. Philosophy and Science in the Sixteenth Century. Collier Books. 1962. (Thought and Expression in the Sixteenth Century, volume 5). Google Books.
Gottfried Leibniz. Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (also Leibnitz or von Leibniz) [1] 1 July 1 (21 June OS) 1646 – 14 November 1716) was a German intellectual who wrote mostly in French and Latin . He played an important role in both philosophy and mathematics. He invented calculus independently of Newton, and his notation for derivatives is the ...
The Dictionary of Seventeenth-Century French Philosophers presents, in alphabetical order, the work of 582 authors of philosophical texts between 1601 and 1700. Understanding the seventeenth-century use of the term ‘philosophy’ in its broadest sense, this dictionary is an encyclopaedia of Early Modern thought encompassing intellectual ...
Philosophy. Early modern philosophy (also classical modern philosophy) [1] [2] The early modern era of philosophy was a progressive movement of Western thought, exploring through theories and discourse such topics as mind and matter, is a period in the history of philosophy that overlaps with the beginning of the period known as modern philosophy.
