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The war was traditionally viewed as a continuation of the religious conflict initiated by the 16th-century Reformation within the Holy Roman Empire. The 1555 Peace of Augsburg attempted to resolve this by dividing the Empire into Catholic and Lutheran states, but over the next 50 years the expansion of Protestantism beyond these boundaries destabilised the settlement. However, while ...
Francis II and I ( German: Franz II.; 12 February 1768 – 2 March 1835) was the last Holy Roman Emperor as Francis II from 1792 to 1806, and the first Emperor of Austria as Francis I from 1804 to 1835. He was also King of Hungary, Croatia and Bohemia, and served as the first president of the German Confederation following its establishment in 1815.
Main Holy Roman Empire in Germany Holy Roman Empire, Kingdom of Germany ( complete list, complete list) – Albert I, King (1298–1308) Henry VII, Holy Roman Emperor (1312–1313), King (1308–1313) Frederick the Fair, King (1314–1330) Louis IV, Holy Roman Emperor (1328–1347), King (1314–1347)
Johan van Oldenbarnevelt, Grand Pensionary (1586–1619) For the succeeding rulers, look under the List of state leaders in the 16th century. Duchy of Limburg ( complete list) –. Philip III the Handsome, Duke (1482–1506) Charles II, Duke (1506–1555) under the Pragmatic Sanction of 1549 Charles V united Limburg with the other lordships of ...
Habsburg Netherlands [1] was the Renaissance period fiefs in the Low Countries held by the Holy Roman Empire 's House of Habsburg. The rule began in 1482, when the last Valois-Burgundy ruler of the Netherlands, Mary, wife of Maximilian I of Austria, died. [2] Their grandson, Emperor Charles V, was born in the Habsburg Netherlands and made ...
An Imperial Eagle beaker ( German: Reichsadlerhumpen ), or eagle glass, was a popular drinking vessel from the 16th until the late 18th century in the Holy Roman Empire. The enamelled glass was decorated with a double-headed eagle, usually in the shape of a Quaternion Eagle. The Reichsadler means "Imperial Eagle" or double-headed eagle which ...
The empire was, at that time, divided into several thousand immediate ( unmittelbar) territories, but only about three hundred of these had Landeshoheit (the special sort of quasi-sovereignty enjoyed by the states of the Empire), and had representation in the Imperial Diet of the Holy Roman Empire ( German Reichstag ).
