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Hace 4 días · Although the kings maintained control of huge tracts of lands through judges, constables, castles, and sheriffs, the nobles of England were still powerful. This is a list of the various different nobles and magnates including both lords spiritual and lords secular.
23 de jun. de 2024 · France - Medieval, Monarchy, Feudalism: The age of Gothic cathedrals and Scholastic theology was also an age of splendour for the French monarchy. Royal authority was greatly strengthened by Louis VII’s successor, Philip II (Augustus; reigned 1180–1223), who could claim descent from Charlemagne through his mother.
25 de jun. de 2024 · La noblesse française sous l'Ancien Régime se distinguait par le patrilignage, une unité de principe entre nobles et un contrôle royal strict. Les réformes de Colbert ont exacerbé les tensions entre noblesse traditionnelle et bureaucratique, entraînant un déclin douloureux de l'autonomie nobiliaire.
Hace 5 días · The ravages and massacres of the Albigensian Crusade, the 13th-century war against the “Good Men,” or Cathar heretics, made Languedoc an insecure southern frontier for still another generation.
Hace 3 días · In the late 13th century Edward I expanded the familia regis to become a small standing army, forming the core of much larger armies up to 28,700 strong, largely comprising foot soldiers, for campaigns in Scotland and France.
25 de jun. de 2024 · The Cathars were a largely local, Western European/Latin Christian phenomenon, springing up in the Rhineland cities (particularly Cologne) in the mid-12th century, northern France around the same time, and particularly the Languedoc—and the northern Italian cities in the mid-late 12th century.
Hace 5 días · Chapter 1 begins by placing Eleanor firmly within the context of her natal family (her father was Count Raymond-Berengar V of Provence and her mother Beatrice of Savoy), considering the social setting and cultural influences of her childhood.
