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However, Temüge was a skilled politician and capable ruler, who, alongside his mother Hoelun, ruled the Mongol heartland in his elder brothers' absence while they engaged in military campaigns. He appears to have had intellectual leanings, first coming under the influence of the conquered Xia and Jin cultures and then taking an active interest ...
1 de ago. de 2023 · Temüge (1168 – 1246) was the youngest full-brother of Genghis Khan. As the youngest sibling, Temüge and his mother, by Mongol traditions, were allotted the most land and people by Genghis Khan during his coronation.
The Ghost! Khotun will reward me for your head.General Temuge General Temuge (テムゲ百戸長; Temuge Hyakkochō) is a general in the Mongol Empire and part of the invasion force. He leads the Mongol forces during the Siege of Yarikawa Temuge rose through the ranks of the Mongols as one of Khotun Khan's best generals and his own enforcer. During the invasion of Tsushima, Temuge is assigned ...
Qasar Kan. Apariencia. ocultar. Qasar (también escrito Hasar o Khasar, y también conocido como Jo'chi Qasar ; mongol : Жочи Хасар) fue uno de los tres hermanos completos de Genghis Khan. Según Jami' al-Tawarikh, su nombre de pila era Jo'chi y recibió el apodo de Khasar por su distinguida valentía. También fue llamado Habutu Hasar ...
- Setting The Scene
- Action
- The Goal: to Alter The Line of Succession
- Rival Chinggisids I: Batu Khan
- Rival Chinggisids II: Prince Temüge
- Rival Chinggisids III: Prince Köten
- Rival Chinggisids IV: Princess Al Altan
- Uncooperative Administrators
- The Mongol Redistributive Political and Economic System
2.1.1 Altaic Steppe Nomads
Töregene achieved her unique accomplishments from a clearly defined position within Chinggis Khan’s empire. To comprehend the emergence of this empire, it is useful to understand the society out of which it grew. Temüjin, later Chinggis Khan, was born in perhaps 1162 in the Altaic steppe region, which is named for the Altai mountain range in modern Mongolia, China, Russia, and Kazakhstan. This area was populated by nomadic animal herders, who spoke either Turkic, Mongolian, or both. Their ani...
2.1.2 Gender, Labor, Management, and Leadership Among Altaic Nomads
The Altaic nomadic world was characterized by a clear gendered division of labor. In this society men handled certain tasks: they fashioned weapons and tack, cared for and trained horses and camels, and then used both the weapons they had made and the animals they had raised to hunt wild game, after which men went on to cure the hides of the animals they had shot. At other times men constructed gers and wagons and partnered with women to herd sheep and goats. It was also men—like Ögedei—who r...
2.1.3 The Rise of the Mongol Empire
The Mongol Empire began when a minor leader on the Mongolian steppe, Yisügei, kidnapped another man’s wife to make her his own. Her name was Hö’elün, and her first husband hailed from the Merkits, who were rivals to the Mongols. Hö’elün’s unwilling second union with Yisügei led to the birth in 1162 of her first son, Temüjin, who emerged with a large blood clot in his tiny fist, which family shamans interpreted as a sign of future greatness. Life for Hö’elün, Temüjin, and, later, Temüjin’s fou...
2.2.1 Ögedei Alive: Töregene Starts to Make Her Move
Ögedei’s alcoholism was so well established even before Chinggis Khan’s death that the conqueror himself scolded his son for the addiction, apparently to no avail. Once Ögedei took over as Great Khan in 1229, he continued to drink so heavily that he made official decisions while inebriated (Allsen 2007). It was during the 1230s, therefore, that Töregene began to emerge as a decision-maker in her own right, cautiously decreeing policies or otherwise collaborating with her husband’s ministers i...
2.2.2 Ögedei Dead: Did Töregene Help It Along?
In November of 1241, Ögedei became seriously ill and then recovered just enough to go hunting in December, against the recommendation of his physician (Song Lian 1976). On the tenth of that month, Ögedei capped a day of shooting with a banquet and typically excessive libations. At the party, a merchant named ‘Abd al-Raḥmān, who was a protégé of Töregene and Fāṭimah, sent wine to Ögedei, which he drank. Thereafter, in the wee hours of December 11, Ögedei died of either alcohol poisoning or org...
2.2.3 Responding to Immediate Challenges
Regardless of whether she, or hers, had a hand in Ögedei’s death, Töregene’s response to it was immediate, timely, and apt. Realizing that her own position was not secure, she swiftly wrote with the news to the other Chinggisid princes—Ögedei’s remaining brother, uncles, and many cousins. The most important of these was her brother-in-law, Chaghatai, who was Ögedei’s eldest surviving male sibling and therefore the senior prince of his generation, and whose word carried real weight. Töregene’s...
Regardless of how these convenient deaths came about, once the field of operation was clear, Töregene’s task was straightforward yet monumental: to use her position as regent to overturn her dead husband’s choice of his grandson, Shiremün, as his heir and then place her own oldest son, Güyük, on the throne in Shiremün’s place. By doing this, she ig...
The first major problem for Töregene was her nephew, Batu Khan, ruler of vast territories in Russia and Central Asia, whose ordo moved up and down the Volga River. After becoming Great Khan in 1229 but before descending into his long bouts of alcoholic haze, Ögedei sent a military campaign to the region (1236–42) to conquer it on behalf of the offs...
The second problem was one of Chinggis Khan’s surviving brothers, Temüge. Temüge could reasonably consider himself as a potential successor to his older sibling on the principle of general seniority: He was a member of Chinggis Khan’s own generation, and thus enjoyed far more authority than any candidate from the junior generation. Or rather, he co...
The third problem was Töregene’s second son, Köten. Apparently relying on favorable comments that his grandfather, Chinggis Khan, had previously made to (or about) him, he also saw himself as a contender for the throne, which put him into competition with both his older brother, Güyük, and their nephew, Shiremün, Ögedei’s overlooked candidate. It a...
Töregene’s fourth problem was Princess Al Altan, the youngest of Ögedei’s siblings. Like the rest of her sisters, Al Altan had made an excellent political marriage to one of Chinggis Khan’s vassals: this was Barchuk, the wealthy ruler of the Uighur Turks in the settled, fertile region of the Tarim River basin and the oases of the Taklamakan desert....
The fifth and final problem to occupy Töregene’s energies as regent was the behavior of the ministers she had inherited (Allsen 1993). During Ögedei’s reign, opinions diverged on how to handle the complex finances, revenues, and taxation of Mongol territory. Chinggis Khan’s original campaigns into China, Transoxiana, and Iran had lasted from 1209 t...
The gravity of the financial challenge Töregene faced cannot be overstated and contributed to her exploitative approach to the Empire’s population. Mongol politics was an openly redistributive system, in which any leader, male or female, rewarded loyalty and service with desirable resources. Highly valued items included purses of coins, silks and f...
- Anne F. Broadbridge
- broadbridge@history.umass.edu
- 2020
Temüge (1168-1246) fue el hermano menor de Genghis Khan , segundo hijo de Yesugei . La Historia Secreta de los Mongoles cuenta que "cuando Temujin tenía nueve años, Temuge tenía tres". Siendo el niño más joven de la familia, recibió un prefijo al nombre "otchigin" (forma diminuta de "отгон" o "otgon" que significa "junior", también Ot (Fuego) Tegin(Miembro menor de la familia Khan ...
1 de ago. de 2023 · Stiffened by his mother Hoelun and wife Börte, who saw Teb Tengri as threat to the dynastic succession, Genghis allowed Khasar and Temüge to kill Teb Tengri in a wrestling match. Unlike the Right Wing where properties were equally divided, Temüge was favored over Khasar and Khachiun in the Left Wing.
