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Jean de Poltrot (c. 1537 – 1563), sieur de Méré or Mérey, was a French nobleman of Angoumois, who assassinated Francis, Duke of Guise in the aftermath of the massacre of Huguenots at Wassy . He had lived some time in Spain, and his knowledge of Spanish, together with his swarthy complexion, which earned him the nickname of the ...
- Background
- An Assassination and A Funeral
- Confession and Conspiracy
- Aftermath
- See Also
The Guise and their Governance
The Guise family, led by Francis, Duke of Guise and his brother Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine represented one of the most powerful noble families in France. The family was elevated to the peerage during the reign of Henry II, whose council they would grow to dominate by his death in 1559. With the beginning of the reign of the young Francis IIthe Guise quickly moved to consolidate control over the administration and crown finance, exerting a strong degree of influence over royal policy. In op...
The First French War of Religion
On 1 March 1562, the Duke stopped at the town of Wassy while travelling to Paris, and encountered a Huguenot congregation. He and his gentlemen committed a massacre. This precipitated the first French War of Religion, with the Prince of Condé citing it in his 8 April Manifesto shortly after he began hostilities with the seizure of Orléans on 2 April. The Duke of Guise, alongside Antoine of Navarre, Anne de Montmorency and Jacques de Saint André took leadership of fighting the war again Condé...
Planning the Assassination
Jean de Poltrot had first found himself involved in action against the Guise during the Conspiracy of Amboise, at which he was present as a page of Francois Bouchard. While he was able to escape the reprisals that followed, two of his kinsmen, including the leader of the conspiracy, La Renaudie, would be executed. With the beginnings of the French Wars of Religion, Poltrot would head to Orleans in the service of Jean de Parthenay-Larchêveque in 1562. After a trip to Lyons later in the year, h...
The Night of 18 Feb 1563
Poltrot was moved to action on the night of 18 Feb 1563 by word that the Duke was close to complete victory, and the siege would be won in the next 24 hours. The Duke was returning to his lodgings from the suburb of Portereau, where he had been in the trenches inspecting the final efforts of the sapping work under the city walls. To reach his lodgings, the Duke had to take a small ferry which could only carry three passengers, ensuring that, by the time he got close to home, he would be almos...
Guise's Last Days
The wound was not at first considered life-threatening, however when he developed signs of what appeared to his doctors to be a fever on 22 Feb their painful operation to attempt to extract the bullet further worsened his condition. As he approached death and began to speak of desiring to apologise for Wassy and seek a 'good reformation' of the Catholic Church his more conservative family members Claude, Duke of Aumale and Louis I, Cardinal of Guise sought to ensure there were no rumours of P...
Poltrot's Testimonies
After his capture Poltrot would be imprisoned and tortured in an effort to find out upon whose orders he assassinated the Duke. In his first testimony delivered before Catherine and the council on 21 Feb he would implicate Coligny, asserting that in his first visit to Orléans in June 1562 he had been solicited to do the deed but had refused, and had later relented to the Admirals pressure when he was further implored to do the act by Theodore Beza.When pressed on potential further involvement...
The Fate of Poltrot
Having been subject to much torture, Poltrot would be executed before a large Parisian crowd on 18 March, the day before the Duke's funeral. While Coligny had been pressing the Parlement of Paris for a formal trial so he could clear his name, the execution was rushed through so that it would pre-empt the amnesty clause of the Edict of Amboise which came into force a day later. Failing to pull him apart by horse, he would be quartered while alive.Huguenots would sing songs in remembrance of hi...
The Edict of Amboise
The loss of their commander would prove dispiriting and distracting for the troops besieging Orléans and the city would not fall the next day. Free of the primary figure who had advocated for continued fighting, Catherine would negotiate the compromise peace of the Edict of Amboise with Condé and Montmorency that allowed for continued freedom of conscience but with more restricted sites of worship. The sudden peace would come as a shock to the Catholic population of Paris who had presumed the...
Spiralling Violence
While in his final days the Duke had urged for the forgiveness of his assassin, members of his family took a different approach. His widow Anna d'Este called for vengeance and at a family council in Joinville in March 1563 the family decided on a plan to discredit Montmorency, who had taken his nephew Coligny under his protection, with the aim of campaigning the crown for the Admiral's arrest. Throughout 1563 they would face off with the House of Montmorency, who would through their control o...
Jean de Poltrot who had pretended to defect to the dukes camp some days previously hid in the bushes along his route, and fired 3 shots at close range into the dukes back before fleeing. He would however got lost in the night and be unable to escape the sector, confessing his guilt when captured by some soldiers patrolling. [26]
- 5 February 1563 - 19 February 1563
- Rebel victory. Edict of Amboise.
Guise was wounded by Huguenot, Jean de Poltrot de Méré, at the Siege of Orléans, and it is thought that the treatment he received from his physicians, bloodletting, contributed to his death. On this day in Tudor history, 18th February 1563, a Huguenot assassin shot Francis, Duke of Guise, at Orléans in France.
François due de Guise, commander of the French catholic forces, was assaulted by Poltrot de Mérey (or Méré) before Orléans on 18 February 1563. He succumbed six days later, on 24 February, to the attentions of his surgeons, whose lethal ministrations are horribly retailed by the Spanish ambassador, Chantonnay.
On 18 February 1563 he was killed by Jean de Poltrot de Méré, a former plotter in Amboise. The latter, while tortured on the Place de Grève in Paris, blamed Admiral Gaspard de Coligny. Catherine de Medici, freed from the de Guise control, decided to put an end to the massacres, and to negotiate with the Protestants while keeping them within ...
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