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Filipp Yeseyevich Makharadze (Georgian: ფილიპე მახარაძე, Russian: Филипп Махарадзе; 9 March 1868 – 10 December 1941) was a Georgian Bolshevik revolutionary and government official.
minded opposition in Georgia itself, led by Makharadze and Mdivani. Filipp Makharadze had been a leading organiser and theorist of the Social-Democratic movement in Georgia since the 1890s and enjoyed the utmost respect in both the region and Moscow. His past association with the Menshevik leader Zhordanya
Por resolución del Sóviet Supremo de la RSS de Georgia del 10 de julio, se eligió su Presídium, bajo la presidencia de Filipp Makharadze, y el 11 de julio, se estableció también el Consejo de Comisarios del Pueblo de la República Socialista Soviética de Georgia, presidido por Valerian Bakradze.
25 de feb. de 2020 · On February 25, 1921 the Red Army entered Georgia's capital, Tbilisi, and installed a communist government, led by Georgian Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze. The Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic...
- Background
- Conflict Over Confederation
- Lenin's Involvement
- Conflicting Accounts of Lenin's Reaction
- Aftermath
- References
Marxism and the "National Question"
In 1848, Karl Marx wrote in The Communist Manifesto that "the working men have no country," and over the next several decades Marxist thinkers such as Rosa Luxemburg, Karl Kautsky, Otto Bauer, Vladimir Lenin, and Joseph Stalinwould continue to engage with the question of how to relate a class-based worldview to the existence of nations and nationalism, reaching sometimes starkly different conclusions. These questions began to take on an increasingly urgent political character in the aftermath...
Diplomatic backdrop
The establishment of the new RSFSR in 1917 (and, especially, the conclusion of the Polish–Soviet War) touched off a flurry of diplomatic activity. Initially, relations between the Russian SFSR and other Soviet Socialist Republics were governed by a series of bilateral treaties, a state of affairs that the top Bolshevik leadership regarded as undesirable and unsustainable over a long period of time. Shortly before the 10th Party Congressin March 1921, Stalin published theses emphasizing his vi...
Bolshevik takeover of Georgia
Soviet rule in Georgia was established by the Soviet Red Army during the February–March 1921 military campaign that was largely engineered by the two influential Georgian-born Soviet officials, Joseph Stalin, then People's Commissar for Nationalities for the RSFSR, and Grigol Ordzhonikidze, head of the Transcaucasian Regional Committee (Zaikkraikom) of the Russian Communist Party. Disagreements among the Bolsheviks about the fate of Georgia preceded the Red Army invasion. While Stalin and Ord...
Within less than a year, however, Stalin was in open conflict with Mdivani and his associates. One of the most important points at issue was the question of Georgia's status in the projected union of Soviet republics. Over the objections of other Georgian Bolsheviks, Grigol Ordzhonikidze in late 1921 had set in motion the formation of a union of al...
In late November 1922, Lenin dispatched the VeCheka chief Dzerzhinsky to Tiflis to investigate the matter. Dzerzhinsky sympathized with Stalin and Ordzhonikidze and, hence, tried to give Lenin a significantly smoothened picture of their activities in his report.However, Lenin's doubts about the conduct of Stalin and his allies around the Georgian q...
Lenin's reaction following Ordzhonikidze's takeover is a matter of dispute revolving around attribution of three letters and one Pravdaarticle. In one telling, on March 5, 1923, Lenin broke off personal relations with Stalin. He attempted to enlist Leon Trotsky to take over the Georgian problem, and began preparing three notes and a speech, where h...
The affair held back the careers of the Georgian Old Bolsheviks, but Ordzhonikidze's reputation also suffered and he was soon recalled from the Caucasus. Mdivani and his associates were removed to minor posts, but they were not actively attacked until the late 1920s. Most of them were later executed during the Great Purge of the 1930s. Another majo...
Jones, Stephen F. (October 1988). "The Establishment of Soviet Power in Transcaucasia: The Case of Georgia 1921-1928". Soviet Studies. 40 (4): 616–639. doi:10.1080/09668138808411783. JSTOR 151812.Ogden, Dennis George (1978), National Communism in Georgia: 1921-1923, The University of Michigan(doctoral dissertation)Filipp Yeseyevich Makharadze (Georgian: ფილიპე მახარაძე, Russian: Филипп Махарадзе; 9 March 1868 – 10 December 1941) was a Georgian Bolshevik revolutionary and government official.
Chaired by the Georgian Bolshevik Filipp Makharadze, the Revkom formally applied to Moscow for help. Disturbances also erupted in the town of Dusheti and among Ossetians in northeast Georgia who resented the Georgian government's refusal to grant them autonomy.
