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Philip Stanhope, 1st Earl of Chesterfield (1584 – 12 September 1656) was an English nobleman, aristocrat and royalist, who was created the first Earl of Chesterfield by King Charles I in 1628.
Arms of Stanhope, Earls of Chesterfield. Earl of Chesterfield, in the County of Derby, was a title in the Peerage of England. It was created in 1628 for Philip Stanhope, 1st Baron Stanhope. He had been created Baron Stanhope, of Shelford in the County of Nottingham, in 1616, also in the Peerage of England.
- Early Life
- Political Career
- Later Years
- Letters to His Son
- Need For Legitimate Heir
- Death
- Legacy
- References
- Further Reading
- External Links
He was born in London to Philip Stanhope, 3rd Earl of Chesterfield, and Lady Elizabeth Savile, and known by the courtesy title of Lord Stanhope until the death of his father in 1726. Following the death of his mother in 1708, Stanhope was raised mainly by his grandmother, the Marchioness of Halifax. Educated at Trinity Hall, Cambridge, he left just...
In 1715, Stanhope entered the House of Commons as Lord Stanhope of Shelford and as member for St Germans. Later, when the impeachment of James Butler, 2nd Duke of Ormonde came before the House, he used the occasion (5 August 1715) to try out the result of his rhetorical studies. His maiden speech was fluent and dogmatic, but upon its conclusion, an...
While continuing to attend and participate in the Upper House's proceedings, Lord Chesterfield turned down the dukedom offered to him by George II, whose wrath had melted in the face of Chesterfield's diplomacy and rhetoric. In 1751, seconded by George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield, the president of the Royal Society, and the mathematician James...
Eugenia Stanhope, the impoverished widow of Chesterfield's illegitimate son, Philip Stanhope, was the first to publish the book Letters to His Son on the Art of Becoming a Man of the World and a Gentleman (1774), which comprises a thirty-year correspondence in more than 400 letters. Begun in 1737 and continued until the death of his son in 1768, Ch...
In 1768 Chesterfield's illegitimate son, Philip Stanhope, died in France of dropsy, leaving his widow, Eugenia Stanhope and their two illegitimate sons, Charles and Philip. Despite his short life, the privileged education provided by his father had enabled for Philip a career in the diplomatic service, despite being handicapped as a nobleman's ille...
Chesterfield died on 24 March 1773, at Chesterfield House, Westminster, his London townhouse. His godson and adopted heir then became Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl of Chesterfield.
In literature
Decades after his death, Lord Chesterfield appears as a character in William Makepeace Thackeray's novel The Virginians (1857). He is also mentioned in Charles Dickens' novel Barnaby Rudge (1841), wherein the foppishSir John Chester says that Lord Chesterfield is the finest English writer: 1. Shakespeare was undoubtedly very fine in his way; Milton good, though prosy; Lord Bacondeep, and decidedly knowing; but the writer who should be his country's pride, is my Lord Chesterfield.
Places
In the UK, Chesterfield gave his name to Chesterfield Street, Mayfair, London, which runs from Curzon Street, site of the former Chesterfield House; in the US, his name has been given to Chesterfield County, Virginia, and Chesterfield County, South Carolina. There is also a Chesterfield Road in the West Oakland neighborhood of Pittsburgh filled with rowhouses, formerly known for its punk subculture.
Furniture
The first leather Chesterfield sofa, with its distinctive deep-buttoned, quilted leather upholstery and lower seat base, is believed to have been commissioned by Lord Chesterfield. Consequently, in the UK, the word chesterfield now describes such a sofa, with arms and back of the same height. In Canada, chesterfieldused to be the predominant term for any type of couch, but has been decreasing in popularity among the younger generations.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Chesterfield, Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 6 (11th ed...
S. M. Brewer, Design for a Gentleman: The Education of Philip Stanhope(Chapman & Hall, 1963)Philip Dormer Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA)Works by Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield at Project GutenbergWorks by or about Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield at Internet ArchiveWorks by or about Philip Stanhope, 4th Earl of Chesterfield at Internet Archive- 22 September 1694
- Melusina von der Schulenburg
Philip [Stanhope], 1st Baron Stanhope later 1st Earl of Chesterfield. onlyson and heir of Sir John Stanhope, of Shelford, co. Nottingham, and Elvaston, co.Derby, by his first wife Cordell Allington, 3rd dau. and cohrss. of Richard Allington,of Lincoln's Inn, London. born. 1584. mar. (1)
He is chiefly remembered for his ‘Letters’ to his natural son Philip Stanhope (1732–68), which were written (not for publication) almost daily from 1737 onwards. These consist largely of instruction in etiquette and the worldly arts, and became after publication (by the son's widow in 1774) a handbook of good manners.
Philip Dormer Stanhope, IV Conde de Chesterfield (22 de septiembre de 1694-24 de marzo de 1773) fue un estadista británico y hombre de letras, famoso por las Cartas a su hijo, recopilación de la correspondencia que mantuvo con su hijo natural.
Philip Stanhope, 4th earl of Chesterfield (born September 22, 1694, London, England—died March 24, 1773, London) was a British statesman, diplomat, and wit, chiefly remembered as the author of Letters to His Son and Letters to His Godson —guides to manners, the art of pleasing, and the art of worldly success.
