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Terra Mariana (Medieval Latin for "Land of Mary") was the formal name for Medieval Livonia or Old Livonia. It was formed in the aftermath of the Livonian Crusade, and its territories were composed of present-day Estonia and Latvia.
- Livonia - Wikipedia
Medieval Livonia, or Terra Mariana, reached its greatest...
- Livonia - Wikipedia
Terra Mariana (expresión que significa «tierra de María») era el nombre de un territorio de compleja soberanía que existió entre 1207 y 1561 en la región denominada Livonia (las actuales Estonia y Letonia); que se denomina en las fuentes Confederación livonia, [1] «Livonia medieval» o «antigua Livonia» (en alemán: Alt-Livland, en ...
La conquista de Livonia por los alemanes se describe en la Crónica rimada de Livonia. Así, a partir de principios del siglo XIII, Livonia se convirtió en la Confederación Livona, formada por cinco territorios independientes:
The Livonian crusade consists of the various military Christianisation campaigns in medieval Livonia – modern Latvia and Estonia – during the Papal-sanctioned Northern Crusades in the 12th–13th century. The Livonian crusade was conducted mostly by the Holy Roman Empire and the Kingdom of Denmark.
Livonia, lands on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea, north of Lithuania; the name was originally applied by Germans in the 12th century to the area inhabited by the Livs, a Finno-Ugric people whose settlements centred on the mouths of the Western Dvina and Gauja rivers, but eventually it was used.
As the result of the establishment of Livonia, the inhabitants of the territory of Latvia were under the influence of the Western Christian Church, medieval society of estates and feudal system of power developed; new fortified towns and stone castles were built nearby the old centres.
