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Pope Alexander III (c. 1100/1105 – 30 August 1181), born Roland (Italian: Rolando), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 7 September 1159 until his death in 1181.
- List of popes - Wikipedia
List of popes. This chronological list of popes of the...
- Pope Alexander III - Simple English Wikipedia, the free ...
Pope Alexander III (Latin: Alexander Tertius; c. 1100 – 30...
- List of popes - Wikipedia
Alexander III (born c. 1105, Siena, Tuscany—died Aug. 30, 1181, Rome) was the pope from 1159 to 1181, a vigorous exponent of papal authority, which he defended against challenges by the Holy Roman emperor Frederick Barbarossa and Henry II of England.
- James M. Powell
Alexander III, orig. Rolando Bandinelli, (born c. 1105, Siena, Tuscany—died Aug. 30, 1181, Rome), Pope (1159–81). A member of the group of cardinals who feared the growing strength of the Holy Roman Empire, he helped draw up an alliance with the Normans (1156).
The Third Council of the Lateran met in Rome in March 1179. Pope Alexander III presided and 302 bishops attended. The Catholic Church regards it as the eleventh ecumenical council . By agreement reached at the Peace of Venice in 1177 the bitter conflict between Alexander III and Emperor Frederick I was brought to an end.
8 de jun. de 2018 · Alexander III (c.1105–81) Pope (1159–81), b. Orlando Bandinelli. Emperor Frederick I opposed his election to the papacy and had an antipope, Victor IV, appointed. The ensuing schism ended 17 years later with the victory of the Lombard League over Frederick at the Battle of Legnano.
