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Introduction. In 1815 the remains of the Holy Roman Empire, embarrassed by Napoleon’s conquest of their land, organized into the German Confederation. Thirty-nine independent countries were struggling to restore themselves after Napoleon’s defeat at Waterloo and chart their future.
A non-sovereign, polycentric and republican organization of the German lands was regarded as a natural and necessary component in a stable Europe free from war and revolutions. This article analyses the origins, institutions and policies of the German Confederation, with particular regard to how the means of organized violence were organized.
- Michael Jonas
1 de ene. de 2002 · This paper reconsiders German unification during the period 1815-1871. First, it makes explicit the comparison between the German Empire and the European Union.
- Hildegard von Spitzemberg (1843–1914)
- Key term
- The roles of emperor and chancellor
- ACTIVITY 1.1
- Speak like a historian
- Discussion points
- Discussion points
Von Spitzemberg was the daughter of a politician in the south German state of Württemberg. A Protestant herself, she married a Catholic diplomat and accompanied him when he was sent to be Württemberg’s ambassador to the Prussian capital. Although initially unenthusiastic, she became an admirer of Prussia and a friend of Bismarck’s. In a country whe...
Chancellor: A figure with authority over certain organisations, such as a head of government. For Liberals, unification was a move towards a more modern German state. As concession towards their ideas of the unity of the new empire, there was also democratic national assembly or Reichstag, elected by universal adult male sufrage (all men over 25 ha...
The leadership of the empire was in the hands of the Prussian King in his new role as Kaiser (emperor). In this role, he had considerable powers. He was Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces, so he gave the orders. He appointed all ministers, including the chancellor; he could also dismiss them whenever he chose. He could issue decrees and ordinan...
Was Prussia just too dominant a part of a united Germany? Create a spider diagram showing the areas in which Prussia occupied a position of power in the Kaiserreich. Conduct some research to find out what checks there were on Prussian power. reform including increasing democratisation. Liberalism contained both more and less radical groupings. Some...
Bismarck’s biographer Jonathan Steinberg discusses what the basis of Bismarck’s authority was. He quotes Max Weber, one of the founders of sociology, who ofered three reasons for our obeying the state: Tradition: ‘the authority of the “eternal yesterday”’; Charisma: ‘the absolutely personal devotion and personal confidence in revelation, heroism, o...
Which of these three do you think best defines the kind of leader you think Bismarck was? Steinberg’s own conclusion was that Bismarck combined the first and the third, tradition and law. What aspects of Bismarck’s career do you think led Steinberg to this conclusion? the Prussian constitution was ‘self-administration’: the diferent communities in ...
What does the remark about Germany tell us about Bismarck’s sense of Prussia’s role? Comment on Bismarck’s contrast between ‘liberalism’ and ‘power’. What does Bismarck mean by ‘blood and iron’? What comparison or contrast would you make with Hildegard von Spitzemberg’s ‘education and intelligence’?
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The German Confederation was an association of 39 predominantly German-speaking sovereign states in Central Europe. It was created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 as a replacement of the former Holy Roman Empire, which had been dissolved in 1806 in reaction to the Napoleonic Wars.
German History This book provides a clear and informative guide to the twists and turns of German history from the early middle ages to the present day. The multi-faceted,problematic history of the German lands has provided a wide range of debates and differ-ences of interpretation.
This chapter on the German Confederation examines the largest cornerstone of the new European security system, designed to stabilise the European centre and provide an institutional structure for the cooperation of the thirty-eight remaining German states in relation to the other powers.
