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Northumberland (/ n ɔːr ˈ θ ʌ m b ər l ə n d / nor-THUM-bər-lənd) is a ceremonial county in North East England, bordering Scotland. It is bordered by the Scottish Borders to the north, the North Sea to the east, Tyne and Wear and County Durham to the south, and Cumbria to the west.
Northumberland /nɔːˈθʌmbələndʲ/ es uno de los cuarenta y siete condados de Inglaterra, Reino Unido, con capital en Morpeth. Ubicado en la región Nordeste limita al norte con Escocia, al este con el mar del Norte, al sur con Tyne y Wear y Durham y al oeste con Cumbria. [1] [2] Según el censo de 2015, tenía 315 300 habitantes. [3]
- Kingdom
- Ealdormen and Earldoms of Northumbria
- Religion
- Culture
- Economy
- Language
- See Also
- Further Reading
- External Links
Politics and war
Between the years of AD 737 and 806, Northumbria had ten kings, all of whom were murdered, deposed, or exiled or became monks. Between Oswiu, the first king of Northumbria in 654, and Eric Bloodaxe, the last king of Northumbria in 954, there were forty-five kings, meaning that the average length of reign during the entire history of Northumbria is only six and a half years. Of the twenty-five kings before the Danish rule of Northumbria, only four died of natural causes. Of those that did not...
After the English from Wessex absorbed the Danish-ruled territories south of the Tees, Scots invasions reduced the rump Northumbria to an earldom stretching from the Tyne to the Tweed. The surviving Earldom of Northumbria, alongside the Haliwerfolk between the Tyne and Tees, were then disputed between the emerging kingdoms of England and Scotland, ...
Roman and post-Roman Britain
Under Roman rule, some Britons north of the Humber practised Christianity. York had a bishop as early as the fourth century. After the Romans left Britain in the early fifth century, Christianity did not disappear, but it existed alongside Celtic paganism, and possibly many other cults. Anglo-Saxons brought their own Germanic pagan beliefs and practices when they settled there. At Yeavering, in Bernicia, excavations have uncovered evidence of a pagan shrine, animal sacrifice, and ritual burials.
Conversion of the Anglo-Saxons to Christianity
The first King of Northumbria to convert to Christianity was King Edwin. He was baptized by Paulinus in 627. Shortly thereafter, many of his people followed his conversion to the new religion, only to return to paganism when Edwin was killed in 633. Paulinus was Bishop of York, but only for a year. The lasting conversion of Northumbria took place under the guidance of the Irish cleric Aidan. He converted King Oswald of Northumbria in 635, and then worked to convert the people of Northumbria....
Monasteries and figures of note
The monastery at Lindisfarne was founded by Aidan in 635, and based on the practices of the Columban monastery in Iona, Scotland. The location of the bishopric shifted to Lindisfarne, and it became the centre for religion in Northumbria. The bishopric would not leave Lindisfarne and shift back to its original location at York until 664. Throughout the eighth century, Lindisfarne was associated with important figures. Aidan, the founder, Wilfrid, a student, and Cuthbert, a member of the order...
Golden Age of Northumbria
The Christian culture of Northumbria, fuelled by influences from the continent and Ireland, promoted a broad range of literary and artistic works.
Insular art
The Irish monks who converted Northumbria to Christianity, and established monasteries such as Lindisfarne, brought a style of artistic and literary production. Eadfrith of Lindisfarne produced the Lindisfarne Gospelsin an Insular style. The Irish monks brought with them an ancient Celtic decorative tradition of curvilinear forms of spirals, scrolls, and doubles curves. This style was integrated with the abstract ornamentation of the native pagan Anglo-Saxon metalwork tradition, characterized...
Literature
The Venerable Bede (673–735) is the most famous author of the Anglo-Saxon Period, and a native of Northumbria. His Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglorum (Ecclesiastical History of the English People, completed in 731) has become both a template for later historians and a crucial historical account in its own right, and much of it focuses on Northumbria. He's also famous for his theological works, and verse and prose accounts of holy lives. After the Synod of Whitby, the role of the European...
Northumbria's economy centred around agriculture, with livestock and land being popular units of value in local trade. By the mid 800s, the Open field system was likely the pre-eminent mode of farming. Like much of eastern England, Northumbria exported grain, silver, hides, and slaves. Imports from Frankia included oil, luxury goods, and clerical s...
In the time of Bede, there were five languages in Britain: English, British, Irish, Pictish, and Latin.[c] Northumbrian was one of four distinct dialects of Old English, along with Mercian, West Saxon, and Kentish. Analysis of written texts, brooches, runes and other available sources shows that Northumbrian vowel pronunciation differed from West S...
Edmonds, Fiona (2019). Gaelic Influence in the Northumbrian Kingdom: The Golden Age and the Viking Age. Woodbridge, UK: Boydell. ISBN 9781783273362.
For the ultimate get-away-from-it-all experience, discover the dark skies of the Northumberland National Park and stay in the Sky Den, your own personal stargazing lodge in the Kielder Water and Forest Park. Discover a land rich in magical and mystical tales – visit Northumberland.
Hace 5 días · Northumberland, historic county and unitary authority of northeastern England. It is England’s northernmost county, bounded to the north by Scotland , to the east by the North Sea , to the west by the administrative county of Cumbria (historic county of Cumberland ), and to the south by the county of Durham .
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
Northumberland is a rural county in North East England, on the England - Scotland border. It contains one of the most picturesque and untouched stretches of coastline in the United Kingdom and contains rolling hills and low mountains in the sparsely populated interior.
Northumberland es el condado situado más al norte de Inglaterra, justo en la frontera con Escocia. Es un lugar lleno de historia, una tierra que durante mucho tiempo fue testigo de luchas entre reinos e invasores, como demuestran sus numerosos castillos, ciudadelas y el Muro de Adriano, de 2.000 años de antigüedad.
