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Sense is something possessed by a name, whether or not it has a reference. For example, the name "Odysseus" is intelligible, and therefore has a sense, even though there is no individual object (its reference) to which the name corresponds. The sense of different names is different, even when their reference is the same.
Simply put, sense refers to the meaning of a word or phrase, while reference refers to the object or concept that the word or phrase refers to. In other words, sense is the idea or concept that a word represents, while reference is the actual thing or idea that the word points to.
The distinction between sense and reference applies to all well-formed expressions of a language. It is part of a general theory of meaning that postulates an intermediate level of sense between linguistic terms and the entities the terms stand for.
14 de sept. de 1995 · Frege’s seminal paper in the philosophy of language is ‘Über Sinn und Bedeutung’ (‘On Sense and Reference’, 1892a). In this paper, Frege considered two puzzles about language and noticed, in each case, that one cannot account for the meaningfulness or logical behavior of certain sentences simply on the basis of the ...
The regular connexion between a sign, its sense, and its reference is of such a kind that to the sign there corresponds a definite sense and to that in turn a definite reference, while to a given reference (an object) there does not belong only a single sign. The same sense has different expressions in different
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Frege's distinction between sense (Sinn) and reference (Bedeutung) has been his most influential contribution to philosophy, however central it was to his own projects, and however he may have conceived its importance.
It is now customary, as we shall see, to draw a twofold distinction between what we will call sense* and reference*. Other terms used for the same, or at least a similar, contrast are: ‘meaning’ and ‘reference’ (where ‘meaning’ is given a narrower interpretation than it bears as an everyday p re-theoretical term); ‘connotation ...
