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Hace 17 horas · The beginning of the early modern period is not clear-cut, but is generally accepted as in the late 15th century or early 16th century. Significant dates in this transitional phase from medieval to early modern Europe can be noted: 1415 – Conquest of Ceuta by the Portuguese; 1444 – Johannes Gutenberg's Movable type
Hace 3 días · In the 16th and 17th centuries Central and Eastern Europe was an arena of conflict for domination of the continent between Sweden, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth (involved in series of wars, like Khmelnytsky uprising, Russo-Polish War, the Deluge, etc.) and the Ottoman Empire.
Hace 3 días · Thomas Earle focuses his study on the work of Afonso Álvares, a mulatto poet and playwright, cautiously alerting the reader to the lack of evidence to prove that they were one and the same person. Álvares is one of the few mixed-race intellectuals in Europe in the sixteenth century.
Hace 5 días · Ioannis Evrigenis furnishes a detailed comparison of Rousseau’s and Hobbes’s views on the state of nature, while Luisa Simonutti discusses Bayle’s views on 16th–century monarchomach political thought and the Vindiciae contra Tyrannos.
Hace 3 días · This eminently useful book explains what happened between the time of Lothar and Henry in terms of canon law, annulments, papal intervention and incest laws in order to make Henry’s request in the early 16th century not only untenable, but also antiquated.
Hace 4 días · The tolls on goods sold at the various markets and fairs were held by the town, on lease from the archbishop in the earlier 16th century and by grant from the Crown from 1555. (fn. 15) Receipts from tolls and stallage averaged nearly £15 a year from the 1540s, reached £18 in the early 1570s, and later usually exceeded £20.
Hace 1 día · The General Crisis of the seventeenth century in Europe was a period of inclement weather, crop failure, economic hardship, extreme intergroup violence, and high mortality linked to the Little Ice Age.
