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Treaty ports (Chinese: 商埠; Japanese: 条約港) were the port cities in China and Japan that were opened to foreign trade mainly by the unequal treaties forced upon them by Western powers, as well as cities in Korea opened up similarly by the Qing dynasty of China (before the First Sino-Japanese War) and the Empire of Japan.
Treaty port, any of the ports that Asian countries, especially China and Japan, opened to foreign trade and residence beginning in the mid-19th century because of pressure from powers such as Britain, France, Germany, the United States, and, in the case of China, Japan and Russia.
- The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica
List of Chinese treaty ports. In the 19th and early 20th century, these were the treaty ports in China . I. Northern ports. II. Yangtze River ports. III. Central ports. IV. South Coast ports. V. Frontier ports. According to the customs statistics, 6,917,000 Chinese inhabited the treaty ports in 1906.
PortTreatyOpen DateChinese PopulationYichang, in Hubeiin accordance with Chefoo Convention, ...opened 1 April 187750,000Shashi, also in Hubeiopened 1 October 1876C85,000Yuezhou, also in Hunanimperial decree of 31 March 1898opened 13 November 189920,000Hankou, also in Hubeiprovincial regulations, 1861opened January 1862530,00024 de jul. de 2018 · The “unequal treaties” and the treaty ports are two intricately linked elements of modern China’s experience with the world from 1843 to 1943 and beyond. The legal framework of treaty ports was rooted and developed in a series of documents signed between China and foreign countries that are considered by the Chinese to be ...
29 de may. de 2024 · Quick Reference. The Asian ports, especially Chinese and Japanese, that were opened to foreign trade and habitation as a result of a series of Unequal Treaties in the 19th century. In China, the first five treaty ports were opened as a result of the Treaty of Nanjing (1842), eleven more as a result of the Treaty of Tianjin (1858) and ...
17 de dic. de 2018 · The Treaty of Nanking ceded Hong Kong Island to Britain in perpetuity and stipulated that five ports were to be opened to foreign trade: Canton (Guangzhou), Amoy (Xiamen), Foochow (Fuzhou), Ningpo (Ningbo), and Shanghai.
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, places that were once treaty ports—Shanghai, Yokohama, and Hong Kong—are among the world's largest and most vibrant cities. While seen by some as humiliating reminders of the colonial past, many of the former treaty ports play indispensable roles in the global economy of the twenty-first century.
