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According to the 2020 Environmental Performance Index conducted by Yale and Columbia, France was the fifth most environmentally conscious country in the world (behind the United Kingdom). [92] [93] Like all European Union state members, France agreed to cut carbon emissions by at least 20% of 1990 levels by 2020, [94] compared to the United States' plan to reduce emissions by 4% of 1990 levels ...
German Land within the Kingdom of France. This situation prevailed until 1639, when most of Alsace was conquered by France to keep it out of the hands of the Spanish Habsburgs, who by secret treaty in 1617 had gained a clear road to their valuable and rebellious possessions in the Spanish Netherlands, the Spanish Road.
Le royaume de France est le nom donné à différentes entités politiques de la France au Moyen Âge et à l'époque moderne. Selon les historiens , la date de création du royaume peut être associée à un de ces trois événements majeurs : l'avènement de Clovis en 481 et l'extension des royaumes francs ; le partage de l' Empire carolingien en 843 ; ou l'élection d' Hugues Capet en 987 .
The Kingdom of England was a sovereign state on the island of Great Britain from the early 10th century, when it emerged from various Anglo-Saxon kingdoms, until 1 May 1707, when it united with Scotland to form the Kingdom of Great Britain, which would later become the United Kingdom. The Kingdom of England was among the most powerful states in ...
Spain. France. The Kingdom of Navarre ( / nəˈvɑːr /; Basque: Nafarroako Erresuma, Spanish: Reino de Navarra, French: Royaume de Navarre, Latin: Regnum Navarrae ), originally the Kingdom of Pamplona ( Basque: Iruñeko Erresuma ), was a Basque kingdom that occupied lands on both sides of the western Pyrenees, with its northernmost areas ...
The medieval Kingdom of France came out from the western part of Charlemagne's Carolingian Empire, known as West Francia, and achieved increasing importance under the rule of the House of Capet, founded by Hugh Capet in 987. A succession crisis following the death of the last direct Capetian king in 1328 led to the series of conflicts known as ...
Roman Catholicism. Painting of Louis IX by Emile Signol. Louis IX (25 April 1214 – 25 August 1270), commonly revered as Saint Louis, was King of France from 1226 until his death in 1270. He is widely recognized as the most distinguished of the Direct Capetians. Following the death of his father, Louis VIII, he was crowned in Reims at the age ...
