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Cyprus Republic of Cyprus - presidential republic; self-declared "Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus" (TRNC) - parliamentary republic with enhanced presidency note: a separation of the two main ethnic communities inhabiting the island began following the outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified when a Greek military-junta-supported coup attempt prompted the ...
When the Parliamentary Council adopted the Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany on 8 May 1949, it set the compass for a stable parliamentary system of government. A strong parliament The Basic Law assigned key rights and functions to Parliament. For example, the German Bundestag is the o...
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Germany is a democratic and federal parliamentary republic, where federal legislative power is vested in the Bundestag (the parliament of Germany) and the Bundesrat (the representative body of the Länder, Germany's regional states). The federal system has, since 1949, been dominated by the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) and the Social ...
If the president must share—or, in some cases, cede—executive authority to a prime minister and cabinet who depend on parliamentary confidence, then the system is neither presidential nor parliamentary but rather a hybrid. Such a system has been in place in France since the establishment of the Fifth Republic (1958).
All parliamentary systems of the mid-19th century were also constitutional monarchies, while almost all republics had a powerful presidential executive. France’s Constitutional Laws of 1875 marked a new departure in constitutional design. France was the world’s first parliamentary republic: a
The Lebanese Political System. The Republic of Lebanon is a Parliamentary democracy whose independence was declared in 1943. It lies on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean and is over 10,452 square kilometers in area. The State is headed by the President of the Republic who is the head of state and symbol of the nation's unity.
