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La Soufrière, a stratovolcano on the Caribbean island of Saint Vincent in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, began an effusive eruption on 27 December 2020. On 9 April 2021 there was an explosive eruption, and the volcano "continued to erupt explosively" over the following days, with pyroclastic flows. [4] The activity pattern of the eruption ...
Deaths. 1 [6] Lava flows (red) as of 23 November 2021. An eruption at the Cumbre Vieja volcanic ridge, comprising the southern half of the Spanish island of La Palma in the Canary Islands, took place between 19 September and 13 December 2021. [7] It was the first volcanic eruption on the island since the eruption of Teneguía in 1971. [8]
Surtseyan eruption. A Surtseyan eruption is an explosive style of volcanic eruption that takes place in shallow seas or lakes when rapidly rising and fragmenting hot magma interacts explosively with water and with water-steam- tephra slurries. The eruption style is named after an eruption off the southern coast of Iceland in 1963 that caused ...
7 [1] The volcano-caldera complex in the north of Lombok. In 1257, a catastrophic eruption occurred at Samalas, a volcano on the Indonesian island of Lombok. The event had a probable Volcanic Explosivity Index of 7, [a] making it one of the largest volcanic eruptions during the Holocene epoch. It left behind a large caldera that contains Lake ...
Caldera. A caldera ( / kɔːlˈdɛrə, kæl -/ [1] kawl-DERR-ə, kal-) is a large cauldron -like hollow that forms shortly after the emptying of a magma chamber in a volcanic eruption. An eruption that ejects large volumes of magma over a short period of time can cause significant detriment to the structural integrity of such a chamber, greatly ...
Submarine eruption. Submarine eruptions are volcano eruptions which take place beneath the surface of water. These occur at constructive margins, subduction zones and within tectonic plates due to hotspots. This eruption style is far more prevalent than subaerial activity.
Generally, explosive cryovolcanism is driven by exsolution of volatiles that were previously dissolved into the cryomagma, similar to what happens in explosive silicate volcanism, which is what is mainly covered below. Physics of a volatile-driven explosive eruption. Silica-rich magmas cool beneath the surface before they erupt.
