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  1. The First Crusade, called in response to a request for help from the Byzantine emperor Alexius Comnenus, was astonishingly successful. The Crusaders conquered Nicaea (in Turkey) and Antioch and then went on to seize Jerusalem, and they established a string of Crusader-ruled states. However, after the Muslim leader Zangī captured one of them ...

  2. The red cross on a Crusader’s clothing has long been attributed to Saint George. The symbol was used by soldiers during the Crusades, from 1095-1291, as a sign of devotion and loyalty to their cause. Originally known as the Jerusalem Cross, it is referred to today as Saint George’s Cross. At the time, it was widely believed that Saint ...

  3. 3 de sept. de 2018 · The Fourth Crusade (1202-1204 CE) was called by Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216 CE) to retake Jerusalem from its current Muslim overlords. However, in a bizarre combination of cock-ups, financial constraints, and Venetian trading ambitions, the target ended up being Constantinople, capital of the Byzantine Empire and the greatest Christian city ...

  4. 4 de sept. de 2018 · The so-called Children's Crusade of 1212 CE, was a popular, double religious movement led by a French youth, Stephen of Cloyes, and a German boy, Nicholas of Cologne, who gathered two armies of perhaps 20,000 children, adolescents, and adults with the hopelessly optimistic objective of bettering the failures of the professional Crusader armies ...

  5. Fifth and Sixth Crusades and Frederick II Frederick II (left) meets al-Kamil (right). Nuova Cronica by Giovanni Villani (14th century). The Fourth Lateran Council in 1215 called for a new, better-organized crusade against Egypt.

  6. 1 de nov. de 2018 · The Crusader States were established by the Christian warriors who participated in the First Crusade to conquer the Holy Land from the Muslims. Learn more about the history, culture, and conflicts of these medieval kingdoms, such as the Principality of Antioch, the County of Edessa, the County of Tripoli, and the Kingdom of Jerusalem, in this comprehensive article from World History Encyclopedia.

  7. 22 de oct. de 2018 · The Crusades, 1095-1204. Routledge, 1893. Riley-Smith, J. The Oxford Illustrated History of the Crusades. OUP Oxford, 2018. Runciman, S. A History of the Crusades Vol. I. Cambridge University Press, 1987. Tyerman, C. God's War. Belknap Press, 2009. World History Encyclopedia is an Amazon Associate and earns a commission on qualifying book ...