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Hace 5 días · Freeman John Dyson FRS (15 December 1923 – 28 February 2020) [1] was a British-American theoretical physicist and mathematician known for his works in quantum field theory, astrophysics, random matrices, mathematical formulation of quantum mechanics, condensed matter physics, nuclear physics, and engineering.
Hace 2 días · Cryptography, or cryptology (from Ancient Greek: κρυπτός, romanized : kryptós "hidden, secret"; and γράφειν graphein, "to write", or -λογία -logia, "study", respectively [1] ), is the practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of adversarial behavior. [2]
Hace 3 días · e. The scientific method is an empirical method for acquiring knowledge that has characterized the development of science since at least the 17th century. The scientific method involves careful observation coupled with rigorous scepticism, because cognitive assumptions can distort the interpretation of the observation.
Hace 3 días · Introduction. A stochastic or random process can be defined as a collection of random variables that is indexed by some mathematical set, meaning that each random variable of the stochastic process is uniquely associated with an element in the set. [4] [5] The set used to index the random variables is called the index set.
Hace 1 día · v. t. e. The cosmic microwave background ( CMB or CMBR) is microwave radiation that fills all space in the observable universe. It is a remnant that provides an important source of data on the primordial universe. [1] With a standard optical telescope, the background space between stars and galaxies is almost completely dark.
Hace 3 días · Young's modulus is defined as the ratio of the stress (force per unit area) applied to the object and the resulting axial strain (displacement or deformation) in the linear elastic region of the material. Although Young's modulus is named after the 19th-century British scientist Thomas Young, the concept was developed in 1727 by Leonhard Euler.
Hace 5 días · Infinitesimal strain tensor. For infinitesimal deformations of a continuum body, in which the displacement gradient tensor (2nd order tensor) is small compared to unity, i.e. ‖ ‖, it is possible to perform a geometric linearization of any one of the finite strain tensors used in finite strain theory, e.g. the Lagrangian finite strain tensor, and the Eulerian finite strain tensor.
