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The Netherlands has been a monarchy since 1813, but has been governed by members of the House of Orange-Nassau (by chosen and later hereditary stadtholders) since 1556, when William the Silent was appointed stadtholder and led the successful Dutch Revolt against Spain. The present monarchy was founded in 1813.
The Czech Republic is a unitary parliamentary republic and developed country with an advanced, high-income social market economy. It is a welfare state with a European social model, universal health care and free-tuition university education. It ranks 32nd in the Human Development Index.
Politics portal. v. t. e. A federal republic is a federation of states with a republican form of government. At its core, the literal meaning of the word republic when used to reference a form of government means a country that is governed by elected representatives and by an elected leader, such as a president, rather than by a monarch. In a ...
People have lived in Estonia since at least 9,000 BC. The oldest known settlement in Estonia is the Pulli settlement, which was on the banks of the Pärnu River . Estonia became independent from Russia in 1920 after a brief War of Independence at the end of World War I. During World War II (1939–1945), Estonia was occupied by the Soviet Union ...
e. The Provisional Constitution of 1950 ( Indonesian: Undang-Undang Dasar Sementara Republik Indonesia 1950, UUDS 1950) replaced the Federal Constitution of 1949 when Indonesia unilaterally withdrew from the union with the Netherlands agreed at the Round Table Conference and returned to being a unitary state. It came into force on 17 August 1950.
It is a unitary, parliamentary republic. The legislature, the Oireachtas, consists of a lower house, Dáil Éireann; an upper house, Seanad Éireann; and an elected president (Uachtarán) who serves as the largely ceremonial head of state, but with some important powers and duties.
Second Polish Republic. / 52.23000°N 21.01111°E / 52.23000; 21.01111. The Second Polish Republic, [f] at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, [g] was a country in Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 7 October 1918 and 6 October 1939. The state was established in the final stage of World War I.
