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Classical Quechua or lengua general del inga is either of two historical forms of Quechua, the exact relationship and degree of closeness between which is controversial, and which have sometimes been identified with each other.
- Quechua people
Quechua people ( / ˈkɛtʃuə /, [7] [8] US also / ˈkɛtʃwɑː /;...
- Quechua people
Los quechuas o quichuas son varios pueblos indígenas originarios americanos presentes en la cordillera de los Andes y la Amazonía. Tales grupos étnicos se encuentran en Perú, Bolivia, Ecuador, Chile, y Colombia y suelen compartir su uso de alguna habla quechua.
- History
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Quechua had already expanded across wide ranges of the central Andes long before the expansion of the Inca Empire. The Inca were one among many peoples in present-day Peru who already spoke a form of Quechua, which in the Cuzco region particularly has been heavily influenced by Aymara, hence some of the characteristics that still distinguish the Cu...
In 1975, Peru became the first country to recognize Quechua as one of its official languages.Ecuador conferred official status on the language in its 2006 constitution, and in 2009, Bolivia adopted a new constitution that recognized Quechua and several other indigenous languages as official languages of the country. The major obstacle to the usage ...
There are significant differences among the varieties of Quechua spoken in the central Peruvian highlands and the peripheral varieties of Ecuador, as well as those of southern Peru and Bolivia. They can be labeled Quechua I (or Quechua B, central) and Quechua II (or Quechua A, peripheral). Within the two groups, there are few sharp boundaries, maki...
Quechua has borrowed a large number of Spanish words, such as piru (from pero, "but"), bwenu (from bueno, "good"), iskwila (from escuela, "school"), waka (from vaca, "cow") and wuru (from burro, "donkey"). A number of Quechua words have entered English and French via Spanish, including coca, condor, guano, jerky, llama, pampa, poncho, puma, quinine...
The description below applies to Cuzco Quechua; there are significant differences in other varieties of Quechua.
Quechua has been written using the Roman alphabet since the Spanish conquest of Peru. However, written Quechua is rarely used by Quechua speakers due to limited amounts of printed material in the language. Until the 20th century, Quechua was written with a Spanish-based orthography, for example Inca, Huayna Cápac, Collasuyo, Mama Ocllo, Viracocha, ...
Morphological type
Quechua is an agglutinating language, meaning that words are built up from basic roots followed by several suffixes, each of which carries one meaning. Their large number of suffixes changes both the overall meaning of words and their subtle shades of meaning. All varieties of Quechua are very regular agglutinative languages, as opposed to isolating or fusional ones [Thompson]. Their normal sentence order is SOV (subject–object–verb). Notable grammatical features include bipersonal conjugatio...
Pronouns
In Quechua, there are seven pronouns. First-person plural pronouns (equivalent to "we") may be inclusive or exclusive; which mean, respectively, that the addressee ("you") is or is not part of the "we". Quechua also adds the suffix -kuna to the second and third person singular pronouns qam and pay to create the plural forms, qam-kuna and pay-kuna. In Quechua IIB, or "Kichwa", the exclusive first-person plural pronoun, "ñuqayku", is generally obsolete.
Adjectives
Adjectives in Quechua are always placed before nouns. They lack gender and number and are not declined to agree with nouns.
As in the case of the pre-Columbian Mesoamerica, there are a number of Andean texts in the local language which were written down in Latin characters after the European conquest, but which express, to a great extent, the culture of pre-Conquest times. For example, Quechua poems thought to date from Inca times are preserved as quotations within some...
A news broadcast in Quechua, "Ñuqanchik" (all of us), began in Peru in 2016. Many Andean musicians write and sing in their native languages, including Quechua and Aymara. Notable musical groups are Los Kjarkas, Kala Marka, J'acha Mallku, Savia Andina, Wayna Picchu, Wara, Alborada, Uchpa, and many others. There are several Quechua and Quechua-Spanis...
Quechua Collection of Patricia Dreidemie at the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America.Huancavelica Quechua Fieldnotes of Willem de Ruese, copies of handwritten notes on Quechua pedagogical and descriptive materials, from the Archive of the Indigenous Languages of Latin America.Classical Quechua or lengua general del inga is either of two historical forms of Quechua, the exact relationship and degree of closeness between which is controversial, and which have sometimes been identified with each other.
El quechua clásico o quechua lengua general fue una variedad, hoy extinta, de la familia lingüística quechua usada como lengua vehicular en buena parte de los Andes centrales por lo menos entre los siglos XV y XVII.
El quechua clásico o quechua lengua general fue una variedad, hoy extinta, de la familia lingüística quechua usada como lengua vehicular en buena parte de los Andes centrales por lo menos entre los siglos XV y XVII.
