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15 de ene. de 2021 · Among these, we identified 64 environmental exposures defined as risk factors and 4 environmental protective factors. This review offers a comprehensive overview of the latest available evidence on environmental exposures and health outcomes.
- David Rojas-Rueda, Emily Morales-Zamora, Wael Abdullah Alsufyani, Christopher H. Herbst, Salem M. Al...
- 10.3390/ijerph18020704
- 2021
- 2021/01
- Introduction
- Air Pollution
- Environmental Tobacco Smoke
- Chemicals, Pesticides, and Heavy Metals
- Physical Exposures
- Residential Surroundings
In 2012, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that 12.6 million global deaths, representing 23% (95% CI: 13–34%) of all deaths, were attributable to the environment . Air pollution and second-hand smoke are responsible for 52 million lower-respiratory diseases each year, representing 35% of the global cases . Non-communicable diseases are ...
We identified 14 air pollutants related to 34 diseases and mortality diagnoses. The air pollutant with the most extensive list of health impacts (29 diagnoses) was the particulate matter with less than 2.5 micrometers of diameter (PM2.5), followed by particulate matter with less than 10 micrometers of diameter (PM10) (17), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (1...
Environmental tobacco smoke is an involuntary exposure to tobacco smoke, also known as passive smoke or secondhand smoke. Environmental tobacco smoke is generated by tobacco products’ combustion and is a complex mixture of over 4000 compounds. These include more than 40 known or suspected human carcinogens, such as 4-aminobiphenyl, 2-naphthylamine,...
This review identified two health outcomes associated with childhood exposure to 1,3-butadiene. 1,3-Butadiene is a synthetic gas used primarily as a monomer to manufacture many different polymers and copolymers and as a chemical intermediate in industrial chemical production. Motor vehicle exhaust is also a source of 1,3-butadiene. One meta-analysi...
Physical exposures refer to environmental factors such as temperature, noise, or radiation. Our review identified 21 meta-analyses covering 14 physical environmental exposures and 27 different diseases or causes of death among children, women, adults, and elderly populations. Ambient temperature and extreme weather were the most common physical env...
In this category, we summarized the environmental exposures related to residential surroundings, such as greenness, proximity to roadways and petrochemical complexes, or the degree of urbanization. We also located other residential exposures, such as the presence of pets that are suggested as a protective factor for non-communicable diseases. We id...
Clean air, stable climate, adequate water, sanitation and hygiene, safe use of chemicals, protection from radiation, healthy and safe workplaces, sound agricultural practices, health-supportive cities and built environments, and a preserved nature are all prerequisites for good health. Fact sheets. Questions and answers.
Estimating environmental health impacts. In 2016, as much as 24% of all deaths worldwide were attributable to the environment. Factors include air pollution, water and sanitation, increasing heat waves and severe weather events, harmful exposure to chemicals and more.
22 de abr. de 2021 · The review found 197 global associations among 69 environmental exposures and 83 diseases and death causes reported in 103 publications globally, listing environmental risk factors like air pollution, tobacco smoke, heavy metals, chemicals, ambient temperature, noise, radiation and urban residential surroundings.
12 de sept. de 2016 · This analysis, which confirms that reducing environmental exposures can greatly improve our health and is critical for attaining the SDGs, has been generated considering a large list of environmental risk factors and risk factor-disease links.
Five key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) of the 2030 Agenda address the environmental determinants of health and contribute directly and indirectly to SDG 3 focused on “health” - ensuring healthy lives and promoting well-being for all at all ages.
