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They come from Medieval Latin communia, plural form of commune (that which is common, community, state), substantive noun from communis (common). Ultimately, the Proto-Indo-European root is *mey- (to change, exchange). When autonomy was won through violent uprising and overthrow, the commune was often called conspiratio (a conspiracy) ( Italian ...
The medieval town on the hilltop has many fine old buildings, some of which date from the 13th century. The town retains a large section of the city walls, part of which can be walked round. Major historical attractions include the Jacobins Theatre dating from 1224, the flamboyant Gothic St Malo's Church , the Romanesque St Saviour's Basilica , Duchess Anne's Tower and the Château de Dinan .
Domme is 250 metres (820 ft) above sea level on a rocky outcrop overlooking the Dordogne river. With its trapezoid city plan, Domme is a bastide (a fortified medieval town) adapted to the surrounding terrain, and thus falling short of the rectangular city plan characteristic to bastides. Today a member of the association Les Plus Beaux Villages ...
Very elaborate and complex schemes for town defenses were developed in the Netherlands and France, but these belong mainly to the post-medieval periods. By 1600, the medieval wall is likely to have been seen more as a platform for displaying hangings and the pomery as a gathering ground for spectators, or as a source of building stone and a site for its use, respectively.
Porte de Mars, from the 3rd or 4th century. Before the Roman conquest of northern Gaul, Reims had served as the Remi tribe's capital, founded c. 80 BC.In the course of Julius Caesar's conquest of Gaul (58–51 BC), the Remi allied themselves with the Romans, and by their fidelity throughout the various Gallic insurrections secured the special favour of the imperial power.
Via Francigena. The Via Francigena ( Italian: [ˈviːa franˈtʃiːdʒena]) is an ancient road and pilgrimage route running from the cathedral city of Canterbury in England, through France and Switzerland, to Rome [1] and then to Apulia, Italy, where there were ports of embarkation for the Holy Land. [2] It was known in Italy as the " Via ...
Raids in the Rhine-Meuse area. In late 881, Vikings, who had overwintered in Flanders, set off on a military expedition to neighbouring lands. They raided numerous villages in the area of the Meuse and razed the towns of Liège, Maastricht and Tongeren to the ground. [11] Hoard from the Viking period.
