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  1. This page was last edited on 2 July 2023, at 09:20 (UTC).; Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0; additional terms may apply.

  2. Developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in the mid-to-late-19th century, Marxism is a sociopolitical and economic view based on the philosophy of dialectical materialism, which opposes idealism in favour of the materialist viewpoint. Marx analysed history itself as the progression of dialectics in the form of class struggle.

  3. German philosophy, meaning philosophy in the German language or philosophy by German people, in its diversity, is fundamental for both the analytic and continental traditions. It covers figures such as Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz, Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel, Karl Marx, Friedrich Nietzsche, Martin Heidegger, Ludwig Wittgenstein ...

  4. The phrase "contemporary philosophy" is a piece of technical terminology in philosophy that refers to a specific period in the history of Western philosophy (namely the philosophy of the 20th and 21st centuries). [2] However, the phrase is often confused with modern philosophy (which refers to an earlier period in Western philosophy ...

  5. Shlomo ben Afeda Ha-Kohen. Shneur Zalman of Liadi. Categories: Philosophers by century. 19th-century scholars. Modern philosophers. 19th century in philosophy. Hidden categories: Commons category link from Wikidata.

  6. In the 19th century, the philosophers of the 18th-century Enlightenment began to have a dramatic effect on subsequent developments in philosophy. In particular, the works of Immanuel Kant gave rise to a new generation of German philosophers and began to see wider recognition internationally.

  7. Natural philosophy or philosophy of nature (from Latin philosophia naturalis) is the philosophical study of physics, that is, nature and the physical universe. It was dominant before the development of modern science . From the ancient world (at least since Aristotle) until the 19th century, natural philosophy was the common term for the study ...