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Presidency of Woodrow Wilson. Woodrow Wilson 's tenure as the 28th president of the United States lasted from March 4, 1913, until March 4, 1921. He was largely incapacitated the last year and a half. He became president after winning the 1912 election.
- Woodrow Wilson - Wikipedia
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924)...
- Foreign policy of the Woodrow Wilson administration - Wikipedia
The foreign policy under the presidency of Woodrow Wilson...
- Woodrow Wilson - Wikipedia
Thomas Woodrow Wilson (December 28, 1856 – February 3, 1924) was an American politician and academic who served as the 28th president of the United States from 1913 to 1921. A member of the Democratic Party, Wilson served as the president of Princeton University and as the governor of New Jersey before winning the 1912 presidential election.
- Leadership
- Latin America
- Asia
- Russia and Its Revolution
- Entry Into World War
- The Paris Peace Conference and The Treaty of Versailles
- Idealism, Moralism and Wilsonianism
- See Also
- Sources
- Further Reading
For advice and trouble shooting in foreign policy Wilson relied heavily on his trusted friend "Colonel" Edward M. House. Wilson came to distrust House's independence in 1919, and ended all contact. After winning the presidency in the 1912 election, Wilson had no alternative choice for the premier cabinet position of Secretary of State. William Jenn...
The Panama Canalopened in 1914, just after the start of World War 1. It fulfilled the long-term dream of building a canal across Central America and making possible quick movement between the Atlantic and the Pacific.. For the US Navy the canal allowed quick movement of fleets between the Pacific and the Atlantic. Economically it opened new opportu...
China
After the Xinhai Revolution overthrew the emperor in 1911, The Taft administration recognized the new Government of the Chinese Republic as the legitimate government of China. In practice a number of powerful regional warlordswere in control and the central government handled foreign policy and little else. The Twenty-One Demands were a set of secret demands made in 1915 by Japan to Yuan Shikai the general who served as president of the Republic of China The demands would greatly extend Japan...
Japan
In 1913, California enacted the California Alien Land Law of 1913to exclude Japanese non-citizens from owning any land in the state. The Japanese government protested strongly, and Wilson sent Bryan to California to mediate. Bryan was unable to get California to relax the restrictions, and Wilson accepted the law even though it violated a 1911 treaty with Japan. The law bred resentment in Japan which lingered into the 1920s and 1930s. During World War I, both nations fought on the Allied side...
Philippines
The Democratic party in the United States had strongly opposed acquisitions of the Philippines in the first place, and increasingly became committed to independence. Wilson himself was a conservative in the 1890s and supported McKinley's foreign policy and favored annexation of the Philippines. The election of a Democratic president and Congress in 1912 opened up opportunities and Wilson had changed. He now wanted the islands to be governed by Filipinos until it became independent. He appoint...
President Wilson believed that with the end of Tsarist rule the new country would eventually transition to a modern democracy after the end of the chaos of the Russian Civil War, and that intervention against Soviet Russia would only turn the country against the United States. He likewise publicly advocated a policy of noninterference in the war in...
Brokering peace
From the outbreak of the war in 1914 until January 1917, Wilson's primary goal was using American neutrality to broker a peace conference that would end the war. In the first two years neither side was interested in negotiations. However, that changed in late 1916 when, Philip D. Zelikow argues, both sides were ready for peace negotiations, if Wilson would be the broker. However, Wilson waited too long, failed to realize the importance of his financial power over Britain, and put mistaken rel...
German submarine warfare against Britain
With the outbreak of World War I in August 1914, the United States declared neutrality and worked to broker a peace. It insisted on its neutral rights, which included allowing private corporations and banks to sell supplies or loan money to either side. With the tight British blockade, there were almost no sales or loans to Germany, only to the Allies. Americans were shocked by the Rape of Belgium—German Army atrocities against civilians in Belgium . Britain was favored by elite WASP element....
Public opinion
Apart from an Anglophile element calling for support for the British, American public opinion in 1914-1916 reflected a strong desire to stay out of the war. Neutrality was particularly strong among Irish Americans, German Americans, and Scandinavian Americans, as well as among church leaders, women, and the rural white South.One by one these groups lost their broader influence. By early 1917 most Americans came to see Germany as the aggressor in Europe and an enemy of world peace.
The Paris Peace Conference convened in January 1919 in Paris, hosted by France. The conference was called to establish the terms of the peace after World War I. Though nearly thirty nations participated, the representatives of Great Britain, France, the United States, and Italy became known as the “Big Four.” Italy quit after losing itsa claim to F...
A Presbyterian of deep religious faith, Wilson appealed to a gospel of service and promoted a profound sense of moralism. Wilson's idealistic internationalism, now referred to as "Wilsonianism," calls for the United States to enter the world arena to fight for democracy, and has been a contentious position in American foreign policy, serving as a m...
The source for 1919 is US State Department, Office of the Historian, "Home Milestones 1914-1920 The Paris Peace Conference and the Treaty of Versailles" (2017), a U.S. government document that is not copyright.
General
1. Calhoun, Frederick S. Power and Principle: Armed Intervention in wilsonion Foreign Policy(Kent State UP, 1986). 2. Clements, Kendrick A. (1992). The Presidency of Woodrow Wilson. University Press of Kansas.; covers all major foreign policy issues 3. Combs, Jerald A. The History of American Foreign Policy: From 1895(Routledge, 2017), textbook 4. Gardner, Lloyd C. Safe for democracy: the Anglo-American response to revolution, 1913-1923(Oxford UP, 1984). 5. Hannigan, Robert E. The New World P...
World War I
1. Ambrosius, Lloyd E. "Woodrow Wilson and World War I" in A Companion to American Foreign Relations,edited by Robert D. Schulzinger. (2003). 2. Bruce, Robert B. A Fraternity of Arms: America and France in the Great War(UP of Kansas. 2003). 3. Clarke, Michael. "Primacy Unrequited: American Grand Strategy Under Wilson." in American Grand Strategy and National Security(Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 2021) pp. 117–150. 4. Clements, Kendrick A. (2004). "Woodrow Wilson and World War I". Presidential St...
Latin America
1. Baker, George W. "The Wilson Administration and Nicaragua, 1913–1921." The Americas22.4 1966): 339–376. 2. Bemis, Samuel Flagg. The Latin American Policy of the United States. (1943) pp 168–201 online 3. Boghardt, Thomas. The Zimmermann telegram: intelligence, diplomacy, and America's entry into World War I(Naval Institute Press, 2012). 4. De Quesada, Alejandro. The Hunt for Pancho Villa: The Columbus Raid and Pershing’s Punitive Expedition 1916–17(Bloomsbury, 2012). 5. Gardner, Lloyd C. S...
Inauguración presidencial de Woodrow Wilson de 1913. La primera toma de posesión de Woodrow Wilson como vigésimo octavo presidente de los Estados Unidos tuvo lugar el martes 4 de marzo de 1913 en el pórtico Este del Capitolio de los Estados Unidos en Washington D. C..
29 de oct. de 2009 · Woodrow Wilson (1856-1924), the 28th U.S. president, served in office from 1913 to 1921 and led America through World War I (1914-1918). Remembered as an advocate for democracy, progressivism...
Edith Wilson. First Lady. Ellen Wilson. Vice President. Thomas R. Marshall. Secretary of State. William Jennings Bryan (1913–1915) Secretary of State. Robert Lansing (1915–1920) Secretary of State. Bainbridge Colby (1920–1921) Secretary of the Interior. Franklin K. Lane (1913–1920) Secretary of the Interior. John B. Payne (1920–1921 ...
Overview. Woodrow Wilson was the 28th president of the United States. He served two terms in office, from 1913 to 1921. Wilson was a Progressive Democrat who believed in the power of the federal government to expose corruption, regulate the economy, eliminate unethical business practices, and improve the general condition of society.
