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An integrative level, or level of organization, is a set of phenomena emerging from pre-existing phenomena of a lower level. The levels concept is an intellectual framework for structuring reality. It arranges all entities, structures, and processes in the universe, or in a certain field of study , into a hierarchy, typically based ...
- Introduction
- History
- The Metaphysics of Levels
- Main Classes
- Subdivisions
- Free Combination of Themes
- Facets
- Applications
- Reception
- Discussion
The Integrative Levels Classification (ILC) is a → knowledge organization system (KOS) developed since 2004. It is meant as a general system covering all areas of knowledge. Although it can be ascribed to the tradition of → facet analysis, that has historically developed for libraries and bibliographies, ILC is conceived to be applied to any kind o...
General KOSs listing phenomena rather than disciplines were not uncommon in the past centuries, like in the cases of Wilkins' → Characteristica Universalis or Roget's → Thesaurus. On the other hand, modern library classifications as developed by Cutter, Dewey, Otlet, Bliss and → Ranganathan are usually based on disciplinary main classes. A modern l...
The theory of levels of reality claims that the real world is structured in a series of levels of increasing organization. Each level depends on lower levels for its existence, but also has novel emergent properties that are not possessed by the lower ones. For example, living organisms need chemical substances as their material constituents, and t...
ILC2 has 25 main classes, represented by lowercase letters a to y (zwas also used in ILC1): As Pullman has observed, the choice of 25 main classes is biased by the notational base adopted, but there is no reason why reality must have 25 levels rather than less or more of them. Indeed, ILC also acknowledges more general levels, that roughly correspo...
As subclasses are also expressed by lowercase letters, any class can be divided in up to 24 subclasses, or more by the emptying digit -z-. For example, q“language” is divided into the following twelve subclasses: Letter -ais never used used for subclasses in ILC2, as it is reserved to the attributes (such as processes, properties and parts) that ar...
ILC is a synthetic classification, which means that a knowledge resource can be assigned either a simple class or a combination of classes. The simplest way to combine classes is freely listing them separated by a blank space, e.g. hl r“stars [in some relationship with] rituals”. Even in this simple case, one has to choose which of these themes is ...
Another way of combining concepts in ILC is by facets. While the nature of the relationship is not specified in a free combination, it can be specified by facets: for example, “rituals, influenced by stars” can be expressed as r3hl. ILC is said to be freely faceted, as such facets can connect any two concepts from whatever part of the schedules, ra...
The first tests with ILC were done on the catalogue of a small documentation centre, the Friuli Venezia Giulia Regional Laboratory of Environmental Education (LAREA) by Zuccolo and Gnoli; practice was also done with the Dandelion Bibliography of Facet Analysis by Hong (Gnoli and Hong 2006), with a gateway to Internet Resources for Chemical Research...
The ILC project has arisen a certain interest among classification experts. Broughton’s (2015) textbook on classification mentions the ILC project as an attempt at phenomenon-based classification; the same author later acknowledges it as "another more complex and nuanced version of a faceted system that includes relationships among its facets" (Bro...
As shown in the last section, the ILC project has stimulated a certain amount of debate in KO literature, by resuming experimentation on non-disciplinary classification that was attempted already by Brown and the CRG. At this stage, the debate is mainly theoretical, as we still lack any large corpus of documents indexed with ILC, and the system is ...
Integrative learning is a learning theory describing a movement toward integrated lessons helping students make connections across curricula. This higher education concept is distinct from the elementary and high school "integrated curriculum" movement.
20 de nov. de 2019 · Integrative levels. by Michael Kleineberg. Table of contents: 1. Introduction. 2. A short history of an idea. 2.1 The Great Chain of Being. 2.2 Evolutionary order. 2.3 Levels of reality. 2.4 Integrative levels. 3. Integrative levels as organizing principle. 3.1 Principles of organization. 3.2 Hierarchies and order relations.
9 de ene. de 2008 · In the notation of the Integrative Level Classification project, categories and facets are represented by digits, and displayed in a Web interface with the help of colours. Facets and general categories used in bibliographic classification have been based on a disciplinary organization of knowledge.
- Claudio Gnoli
- gnoli@aib.it
- 2008
Integrative Levels Classification. The Integrative Levels Classification (ILC) is a knowledge organization system featuring experimental innovations. Although drawing from the heritage of bibliographic classifications, it is different from most of them in allowing to represent any combination of concepts without the ties of traditional disciplines.
An integrative level, or level of organization, is a set of phenomena emerging from pre-existing phenomena of a lower level. The levels concept is an intellectual framework for structuring reality. It arranges all entities, structures, and processes in the universe, or in a certain field of study, into a hierarchy, typically based on how ...
