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Philip II (21 August 1165 – 14 July 1223), byname Philip Augustus (French: Philippe Auguste), was King of France from 1180 to 1223. His predecessors had been known as kings of the Franks (Latin: rex Francorum), but from 1190 onward, Philip became the first French monarch to style himself "King of France" (rex Francie).
- 1 November 1179
- Adela of Champagne
2 de abr. de 2024 · Thus, by the end of 1191, Philip II was back in France. In spite of promises he had made in the Holy Land, Philip at once prepared to attack the Plantagenet possessions in France. Informed of this, Richard also left the Crusade but was taken prisoner while on his way back by the duke of Austria, Leopold V of Babenberg.
Philip (right) and Richard accepting the keys to Acre; from the Grandes Chroniques de France. Philip went on the Third Crusade (1189–1192) with Richard I of England (1189–99) and the Holy Roman Emperor, Frederick I Barbarossa (1155–90). His army left Vézelay on July 1, 1190.
The Third Crusade (1189–1192) was an attempt led by three European monarchs of Western Christianity ( Philip II of France, Richard I of England and Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor) to reconquer the Holy Land following the capture of Jerusalem by the Ayyubid sultan Saladin in 1187.
- 11 May 1189 – 2 September 1192
- See outcomeTreaty of Jaffa
- Levant, Sicily, Iberia, Balkans and Anatolia
Philip IV (April–June 1268 – 29 November 1314), called Philip the Fair (French: Philippe le Bel), was King of France from 1285 to 1314. By virtue of his marriage with Joan I of Navarre, he was also King of Navarre as Philip I from 1284 to 1305, as well as Count of Champagne.
- 5 October 1285 – 29 November 1314
- Isabella of Aragon
In 1190 Philip joined with Richard I on the Third Crusade in the Holy Land. But the two kings soon quarreled. Philip returned to France in late 1191 and attacked England’s possessions. Informed of this, Richard also left the Crusade, but he was imprisoned in Austria on his journey home. Richard was freed in 1194 and went to war with the French.
PHILIP II AUGUSTUS, KING OF FRANCE. Reigned 1180 to July 14, 1223, seventh of the Capetian dynasty and the first to control most of France; b. Paris, Aug. 21, 1165; d. Mantes. As king he first overcame attempts by the houses of Champagne and Flanders to control his policies, and then in the late 1180s blunted the greater threat posed by henry ...
