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La Rebelión cantonal (o Revolución cantonal) fue una insurrección que tuvo lugar durante la Primera República española entre julio de 1873 y enero de 1874.
Artículo principal: Rebelión cantonal. Escudo del Cantón Valenciano de 1873. La insurrección conocida como Rebelión cantonal tuvo lugar durante la Primera República Española entre julio de 1873 y enero de 1874.
La Rebelión cantonal (o Revolución cantonal) fue una insurrección que tuvo lugar durante la Primera República española entre julio de 1873 y enero de 1874.
- Background
- The Beginning of The Cantonal Rebellion and The Resignation of Pi Y Margall
- The Government of Nicolas Salmeron and The Repression of The Cantonal Movement
- The Canton of Cartagena, The Last Stronghold of The Rebellion
- Repression
- The Role of The International in The Rebellion
- See Also
- Bibliography
The proclamation of the Republic
On 11 February 1873, the day after the abdication of Amadeo I, the National Assembly proclaimed Spain to be a Republic by 258 votes against 32, but without defining it as unitary or federal, postponing the decision to future Constituent Courts. That same day, the self-proclaimed National Assembly appointed the Federal Republican Estanislao Figueras as president of the republic. His government needed to reestablish the order that was being altered by the federal republicans themselves, who had...
The proclamation of the Federal Republic
In May, the elections for the Constituent Courts were held. Because of the withdrawal of the rest of the parties, an overwhelming victory was achieved by the Federal Democratic Republican Party. But this situation was misleading because in reality the federal Republican deputies of the Cortes were divided into three groups: 1. The "intransigents" with about 60 deputies formed the left of the House and advocated that the Courts build the Federal Republic from the bottom up, from the municipali...
The opposition of the "intransigents" to the federal governments of Figueras and Pi y Margall
As soon as the Constituent Courts next met, Estanislao Figueras returned his powers to the Chamber and proposed that Pi y Margall be appointed to replace him, but the intransigents were opposed to this and got Pi to give up on his attempt at taking power. Figueras then learned that the "intransigent" generals Juan Contreras and Blas Pierradwere preparing a coup d'état to start the federal Republic "from below", outside the Government and the Cortes, which made Figueras fear for his life. On 1...
The "Intransigents" abandon the Cortes
The "intransigent" response to the "order and progress" policy of the Pi y Margall government was to leave the Cortes on 1 July, motivated by Madrid's civil governor limiting the guarantees of individual rights.In the Manifesto they made public on 2 July they showed their determination "to immediately raise the reforms that the Republican Party had been sustaining in its tireless propaganda" justified because in their judgment: Only the deputy Navarrete remained in the Cortes who, on that sam...
The proclamation of the Cartagena Canton
After the abandonment of the Courts, the Public Health Committee that was established in Madrid under the presidency of Roque Barcia, thought about moving to Cartagena, «because no other city possessed the characteristics of its port, well sheltered and defended by a series of strong and artillery castles that made Cartagena invulnerable both by sea and by land.» The Public Health Committee constituted the War Commission, chaired by General Juan Contreraswho undertook to revolt Cartagena, Val...
The response of Pi y Margall's government
Pi y Margall acknowledged that what the "Intransigents" were doing was putting his own "pactist" federalism theory into practice from the bottom up, but he condemned the insurrection anyway. He claimed that theory was intended for an occupation of power "through armed revolution" not for a "Republic [that] has come by the agreement of an Assembly, in a legal and peaceful manner". The Pi y Margall government was overwhelmed by the cantonal rebellion and also by the continuation of the Third Ca...
Nicolás Salmerón, elected President of the Executive Power with 119 votes in favor and 93 votes against, was a "moderate" federalist who defended the need to reach an understanding with conservative groups and a slow transition to the federal republic. As soon as he took office he replaced the Republican General Ripoll – appointed by Pi y Margall –...
The siege of Cartagena by the government of Emilio Castelar
On 7 September 1873, Emilio Castelarwas elected to occupy the Presidency of the Executive Power, when the cantonal rebellion was practically finished, with the exception of the last stronghold of the Cartagena. Castelar had been deeply impressed by the disorder caused by the cantonal rebellion. Thus he valued much later what the cantonal rebellion had meant for the country, according to him: Only two days after being sworn in as President of the Executive Branch, Castelar obtained from the Co...
The surrender of Cartagena after Pavia's coup
The approach of the constitutionalists and the radicals of Castelar met with the opposition of the "moderate" Nicolás Salmerón and his followers, who until then had supported the government, because they believed that the Republic should be built by "authentic" republicans, not by the newcomers that were "out of republican orbit." The first sign that Salmerón had stopped supporting the Castelar government came in December 1873 when his supporters in the Cortes voted along with "centrists" and...
The terms of the capitulation of Cartagena granted by General López Domínguez were considered "reasonable" given the customs in use at the time, since those who surrendered arms within the plaza, both chief and officer classes, and individuals from sea and land troops, armed, volunteer and mobilized institutes, were pardoned, "with the exception of...
There has been a lot of discussion about the degree of participation of the International Workingmen's Association, but today it seems clear that the leaders of the International did not intervene in the cantonal rebellion and that the only place where internationalists took the initiative, in addition to the 'Petroleum Revolution' of Alcoy, was in...
Barón Fernández, José (1998). El movimiento cantonal de 1873 (1ª República). Sada (A Coruña): Edicios do Castro. ISBN 84-7492-896-6.Blanco Valdés, Roberto L. (2014). El laberinto territorial español. Del cantón de Cartagena al secesionismo catalán. Madrid: Alianza Editorial. ISBN 978-84-206-8823-7.Fontana, Josep (2007). La época del liberalismo. Vol. 6 de la Historia de España, dirigida por Josep Fontana y Ramón Villares. Barcelona: Crítica/Marcial Pons. ISBN 978-84-8432-876-6.Jover Zamora, José María (1991). Realidad y mito de la Primera República. Madrid: Espasa Calpe. ISBN 84-239-1994-3.31 de may. de 2023 · Desde Cartagena, el cantonalismo se extendió a lo largo de Julio por las principales ciudades del sureste peninsular. En una serie de revueltas coordinadas se rebelaron Murcia, Sevilla, Granada, Valencia y otras poblaciones menores, que se constituyeron inmediatamente en cantones independientes.
4 de jul. de 2023 · Esta obra magistral, escrita por expertos historiadores, nos brinda una visión completa y rigurosa de los eventos que marcaron la rebelión cantonal, permitiéndonos comprender la complejidad de la I República y sus consecuencias en el desarrollo político de España.
El artículo principal de esta categoría es: Rebelión cantonal. Wikimedia Commons alberga una categoría multimedia sobre la rebelión cantonal.
