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Németország (németül: Deutschland), vagy hivatalos nevén a Németországi Szövetségi Köztársaság (németül: Bundesrepublik Deutschland), egy független szövetségi állam Közép-és Nyugat-Európában. Területe az Alpoktól az Északi-és a Balti-tengerig terjed.
- Portál:Németország
Nyugat-Németország az Európai Unió egyik alapító tagja volt....
- Portál:Németország
Germany, [e] officially the Federal Republic of Germany, [f] is a country in the western region of Central Europe. It is the second-most populous country in Europe after Russia, [g] and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany lies between the Baltic and North Sea to the north and the Alps to the south.
- Formation of The German Empire
- World War I
- Territorial Changes After World War I
- Interbellum
- World War II
- Territorial Changes After The German Defeat in World War II
Prussia
Following the capture of Silesia in 1742 by Frederick the Great during the Silesian Wars with the Habsburg monarchy, the territorial expansion of the Kingdom of Prussia continued with the annexation of lands belonging to the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. During the Partitions of Poland between 1772 and 1795, Prussia seized 141,400 km2 (54,600 sq mi) of the Commonwealth's western territory, including the regions of Greater Poland, Pomorze, Mazovia and the Duchy of Siewierz. Subsequently, ren...
North German Confederation
Following the Napoleonic wars and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire the North German Confederation, led by Prussia, was combined with the southern states of Baden, Württemberg, Bavaria and Hesse and the formerly French newly merged Alsace-Lorraine to form the states and imperial territory of German Empire in 1871. In some areas of Prussia's eastern provinces, such as the Province of Posen, the majority of the population was Polish. Many Lorrainians were by native language French. Many...
Heligoland
Britain ceded Heligoland to Germany in 1890 in accordance with the terms of the Heligoland–Zanzibar Treaty. The Heligolanders, then still prevailingly fluent in their Heligolandic dialect of North Frisian, adopted German citizenship, like many other Frisiansof Germany along the North Sea coast.
Brest-Litovsk
As part of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Russia's new Bolshevik (communist) government renounced all claims to Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Belarus, and Ukraine. Most of these territories were in effect ceded to the German Empire, intended to become economically dependent on and politically closely tied to that empire under different German kings and dukes. Regarding the ceded territories, the treaty stated that "Germany and Austria-Hungary intend to determine the future fate o...
Treaty of Versailles
The provisions of the Treaty of Versailles at the end of World War I obliged Germany to cede some territory to other countries. Besides the loss of the German colonial empire, the territories Germany lost were: 1. Alsace-Lorraine, which became a part of the German Empire following the Treaty of Frankfurt on 10 May 1871, returned to French sovereignty without a plebiscite as a precondition to armistice (i.e. and therefore not as a clause of the Treaty of Versailles) with effect from the date o...
Sudetenland
The Sudeten Germans had attempted to prevent the German language border areas of former Austria-Hungary from becoming part of Czechoslovakia in 1918. Once part of Bohemia, they had proclaimed the German-Austrian province of Sudetenland in October 1918, voting instead to join the newly declared Republic of German Austria in November 1918. However, this had been forbidden by the victorious allied powers of the First World War (the Treaty of Saint-Germain) and by the Czechoslovak government, par...
Silesian uprisings
The Silesian Uprisings (Polish: Powstania śląskie) were a series of three armed uprisings (1919–1921) of Poles in the Upper Silesia region against Weimar Republic in order to separate the region (where in some parts Poles constituted a majority) from Germany and join it with the Second Polish Republic.
Territorial claims of German nationalists
By World War I, there were isolated groups of Germans or so-called Schwaben as far southeast as the Bosphorus (Turkey), Georgia, and Azerbaijan. After the war, Germany's and Austria-Hungary's loss of territory and the rise of communism in the Soviet Union meant that more Germans than ever constituted sizable minorities in various countries.[clarification needed] German nationalists used the existence of large German minorities in other countries as a basis for territorial claims. Many of the...
Rhineland
On 7 March 1936, Hitler sent a small expeditionary force into the demilitarized Rhineland. This was a clear violation of the Treaty of Versailles (1919, official end of World War I), and as such, France and Britain were within their rights, via the Treaty, to oust the German forces. British public opinion blocked any use of military force, thus preventing French action, as they were internally divided and would not act without British support.
Saar region
In 1933, a considerable number of anti-Nazi Germans fled to the Saar, as it was the only part of Germany left outside the Third Reich's control. As a result, anti-Nazi groups campaigned heavily for the Saarland to remain under control of League of Nations as long as Adolf Hitler ruled Germany. However, long-held sentiments against France remained entrenched, with very few sympathizing openly with France. When the 15-year-term was over, a plebiscite was held in the territory on 13 January 1935...
Poland
After invading Poland in 1939, Germany annexed the lands it was forced to give to a reformed Poland in 1919–1922 by the Treaty of Versailles, including the "Polish Corridor", West Prussia, the Province of Posen, and East Upper Silesia. The Volkstag of the Free City of Danzig voted to become a part of Germany again, although Poles and Jews were deprived of their voting rights and all non-Nazi political parties were banned. Parts of Poland that had not been part of Wilhelmine Germany were also...
Alsace-Lorraine
After the invasion of France in 1940, Germany annexed the départements of Bas-Rhin, Haut-Rhin, and Moselle (Alsace-Lorraine). The German government never negotiated or declared a formal annexation, however, in order to preserve the possibility of an agreement with the West.[citation needed]
Eupen and Malmedy
See Eupen-Malmedy
With the Allied Berlin Declaration of 6 June 1945 and Potsdam Agreement of 2 August 1945, German annexations which began with the German annexation of Austria were annulled and Germany also lost the traditionally ethnic German eastern regionprior to the German annexation of Austria. Saarland separated from Allied occupied Germany to become a countr...
Nazi Germany, [h] officially known as the German Reich [i] and later the Greater German Reich, [j] is a term used to describe the German state between 1933 and 1945, when Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party controlled the country, transforming it into a totalitarian dictatorship.
- Reichsmark (ℛℳ)
Berlin [a] is the capital and largest city of Germany, both by area and by population. [11] Its more than 3.85 million inhabitants [12] make it the European Union 's most populous city, as measured by population within city limits. [4] Simultaneously, the city is one of the states of Germany, and is the third smallest state in the country in ...
Hesse [a] or Hessia [b] ( German: Hessen [ˈhɛsn̩] ⓘ ), officially the State of Hesse (German: Land Hessen ), is a state in Germany. Its capital city is Wiesbaden, and the largest urban area is Frankfurt, which is also the country's principal financial centre. Two other major historic cities are Darmstadt and Kassel.
