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James Adam (21 July 1732 – 20 October 1794) was a Scottish architect and furniture designer, but was often overshadowed by his older brother and business partner, Robert Adam. They were sons of architect William Adam.
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Neoclassical art. Role In: Scottish Enlightenment. Robert Adam (born July 3, 1728, Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scot.—died March 3, 1792, London, Eng.) was a Scottish architect and designer who, with his brother James (1730–94), transformed Palladian Neoclassicism in England into the airy, light, elegant style that bears their name.
- Overview
- Early life
- European influences
Robert Adam (born July 3, 1728, Kirkcaldy, Fife, Scot.—died March 3, 1792, London, Eng.) was a Scottish architect and designer who, with his brother James (1730–94), transformed Palladian Neoclassicism in England into the airy, light, elegant style that bears their name. His major architectural works include public buildings (especially in London),...
Robert was the second son of William Adam, the foremost Scottish architect of his time. William, who as master mason to the Board of Ordnance in North Britain supervised the design of military buildings, also designed numerous country houses in a conservative Palladian style—the modified classic Roman style that was originally developed by the 16th-century architect Andrea Palladio. The Adam children grew up in the cultured atmosphere of a propertied and well-connected 18th-century family. Shortly after Robert’s birth the family moved to Edinburgh, where at the age of six he entered the Edinburgh High School. In 1743 he enrolled at Town’s College (now University of Edinburgh), but in 1745 he abandoned his studies and the following year entered his father’s office as an apprentice and assistant.
William Adam died in 1748, and his Board of Ordnance post passed to his eldest son, John, who took Robert into partnership. In the succeeding few years both benefited from the lucrative contracts that resulted from the appointment. Besides building Fort George in the Moray Firth near Inverness, the Adam brothers also were engaged to complete the interior of the earl of Hopetoun’s house. In their interiors the brothers introduced into Scotland a new, lighter, almost Rococo style of decoration. The other important private commission of these years was Dumfries House, Ayrshire, for the earl of Dumfries.
In 1754 Robert Adam, who by then considered himself to be worth £5,000, was invited to accompany the Honourable Charles Hope, the earl of Hopetoun’s younger brother, to Italy. He thus had the opportunity to realize the dream he had been saving for since his father’s death, and, just as important, he had the social advantages of traveling with the brother of an earl. He was as much concerned with meeting young noblemen abroad as with acquiring more architectural knowledge from a study of the monuments of Roman antiquity. The letters he wrote to his family during his years abroad show Adam to be a madly ambitious young man, an arrogant social climber, and yet still a dedicated artist.
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He met Hope in Brussels, and they proceeded to Paris, where Adam fitted himself out in the latest fashions and set out to “lay in a stock of good acquaintance that may be of use to me hereafter.” After fewer than three weeks in Paris, they set off for Italy via the south of France, visiting en route the ancient Roman sites of Arles, Nîmes, the Pont du Gard, and Montpellier. They reached Genoa early in January 1755 and proceeded to Florence via Livorno. Arriving at the end of the month, they were immediately caught up in the social whirl for which Adam had hoped.
While in Florence, Adam met a man who was to have an important professional influence upon him. This was the talented young French architect and draftsman Charles-Louis Clérisseau, who agreed to accompany him as instructor and draftsman on the tour. Clérisseau had been a student at the French Academy in Rome, but he left in 1754 after a dispute with its director. As a result of his friendship with Clérisseau, Adam came into contact with avant-garde architectural theory in Rome. He wrote:
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Robert Adam by James Tassie (medallion) Robert Adam FRSE FRS FSAScot FSA FRSA (3 July 1728 – 3 March 1792) was a British neoclassical architect, interior designer and furniture designer. He was the son of William Adam (1689–1748), Scotland's foremost architect of the time, and trained under him.
- Architect
- Westminster Abbey
- Adam Brothers (Edinburgh, London)
- British
Robert Adam (3 de julio de 1728 - 3 de marzo de 1792) fue un arquitecto británico, diseñador de interiores y también de muebles. Era hijo de William Adam (1689-1748), el arquitecto más importante de la época de Escocia, y aprendió el oficio con él.
- Británica
- Colegiata de San Pedro en Westminster
- 3 de marzo de 1792 (63 años), Londres (Reino de Gran Bretaña)
James Adam | The works in architecture of the late Robert and James Adam, Esqs., complete in three volumes, containing plans, elevations, sections, and detail of the principal buildings, public and private, | The Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Collection. Drawings and Prints.
William Adam (1689 – 24 June 1748) was a Scottish architect, mason, and entrepreneur. He was the foremost architect of his time in Scotland, [1] [2] designing and building numerous country houses and public buildings, and often acting as contractor as well as architect.
