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Ultra-Plinian. In 1980, volcanologist George P. L. Walker proposed Hatepe eruption as the representative of a new class called ultra-Plinian deposits, based on its exceptional dispersive power and eruptive column height. A dispersal index of 50,000 square kilometres (19,000 sq mi) has been proposed as a cutoff for an ultra-Plinian ...
The strongest types of eruptions, with a VEI of 8, are so-called "Ultra-Plinian" eruptions, such as the one at Lake Toba 74 thousand years ago, which put out 2800 times the material erupted by Mount St. Helens in 1980. Hekla in Iceland, an example of basaltic Plinian volcanism being its 1947–48 eruption.
2.22.2.3 Sub-Plinian (Vesuvian), Plinian, and ultra-Plinian eruptions. Plinian eruptions produce a tall, sustained ash column named after the Roman statesman Pliny the Younger, who witnessed the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in Italy in CE 79 that destroyed the towns of Pompeii and Herculaneum (Giacomelli et al., 2003 ).
17 de feb. de 2016 · 44 Citations. 93 Altmetric. Metrics. Abstract. The 39 ka Campanian Ignimbrite (CI) super-eruption was the largest volcanic eruption of the past 200 ka in Europe. Tephra deposits indicate two...
- Alejandro Marti, Arnau Folch, Antonio Costa, Samantha Engwell
- 2016
14 de abr. de 2023 · Ultra-Plinian eruptions are the largest of all volcanic eruptions, and are so voluminous that large calderas form above vacated magma chambers. These eruptions are more intense and have a higher eruption rate than Plinian ones and form higher eruption columns.
1 de ene. de 2015 · The term “plinian” encompasses powerful explosive eruptions characterized by the quasi-steady, hours-long, high-speed discharge into the atmosphere of a high-temperature, multiphase mixture (gas, solid, and liquid particles), forming a buoyant vertical column that reaches heights of tens of kilometers and often alternates with phases of column c...
Plinian (or Vesuvian) eruptions typify the well-known historic eruptions that produce powerful convecting plumes of ash ascending up to 45 kilometers into the stratosphere.
