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Year 1189 ( MCLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. In English law, 1189 - specifically the beginning of the reign of Richard I - is considered the end of time immemorial . Events. By place. Continental Europe.
Fundación del Monasterio de las Huelgas de Burgos por Alfonso VIII de Castilla. Fundación del Clan Date por Isa Tomomune. En Derecho de Inglaterra, en específico al inicio del reinado de Ricardo I, se considera la fecha final de los tiempos inmemoriales.
27 de ago. de 2018 · La tercera cruzada (1189-1192) se lanzó para recuperar Jerusalén después de su caída ante el líder musulmán Saladino en 1187. La cruzada fue dirigida por tres monarcas europeos, de ahí que también se le llame “Cruzada de los reyes”.
- Mark Cartwright
- Sources
- Background
- Crusaders' Voyage
- Campaign
- Occupation and Spoils
- Aftermath
The main source for the siege of Silves is an eyewitness account. The Narratio de itinere navali (Account of the Seaborne Journey) is a short but detailed Latin narrative of the crusader expedition from northern Germany told from a crusader's perspective. It was composed shortly after the capture of Silves, certainly before 1191. In the only manusc...
Status of Silves
Silves (Arabic Shilb or Xelb) lies on the Arade some 8 miles (13 km) upriver from the coast. It is sited on a hill 200 feet (61 m) high. The river was crossed at that point by a bridge. The city's population in 1189 was 15,800, according to the Narratio. It came under indirect Almohad rule in 1146, when it was captured from the Almoravids and placed under the rule of Ibn Qasī, leader of the local Murīdūn sect. It came under direct Almohad rule in 1157. It was the capital of the province of al...
Portuguese planning
In October 1187, Jerusalem was captured by the Ayyubids and Pope Gregory VIII issued a call for a new crusade to recover it in his bull Audita tremendi. King Sancho sent a letter to Gregory, which was misinterpreted in later tradition as showing an intention to join the planned crusade. Although Sancho probably did not intend to go on crusade, he did perceive the value of crusaders sailing to Portugal on their way east. Such a fleet had assisted in the conquest of Lisbon in 1147 during the Se...
In April 1189, a fleet of eleven ships of crusaders bound for the Holy Land left Bremen. The author of the Narratio was on one of these ships. He records that composition of the crusader company was variable, as some joined up at a later point in the voyage while others left to find their own way to the Holy Land. They seem mostly to have come from...
Preparations and manoeuvres
At Lisbon, the crusaders learned of the sack of Alvor and were invited to take part in an attack on Silves. Depending on the reading of the Narratio, Sancho made this request either while he was preparing his expedition or else after he had begun his march.According to the agreement as presented in Ralph of Diceto, the king agreed to let the crusaders keep any booty they took if they recognized his right to the city. There were at that time either 24 or 44 other ships in the harbour of Lisbon...
Negotiations and surrender
On 1 September, the Portuguese offered the defenders the chance to surrender and negotiations began. According to the Narratio, there were many desertions from inside the city at this stage. The defenders agreed to surrender on the condition that they keep their movable property and be permitted to depart. Sancho offered the crusaders 10,000 gold coins to relinquish their right to plunder, which they refused. They accepted 20,000 gold coins, but when it became apparent that it would take some...
According to the Narratio, nine castles that had been governed from Silves came into Portuguese hands after the fall of the city: Lagos, Alvor, Portimão, Monchique, Santo Estêvão, Carvoeiro, São Bartolomeu de Messines, Paderne and Carphanabel. The last place is unidentified, but may be Cabo de São Vicente or Sagres. These were mostly deserted, as t...
Continuation of the crusade
The crusader fleet set sail on 7 September, but stopped to divide spoils and repair two ships. It did not enter the Atlantic until 20 September. They passed the island of Saltes, whose inhabitants fled to Huelva at their approach, and were forced by contrary winds to enter the port of Cádizon 26 September. Refugees from Silves had warned the populace and most had fled. The governor, however, agreed to release twelve Christian prisoners and pay a tribute. When only four prisoners were handed o...
Almohad response
Even before the loss of Silves, the Almohads had been planning a campaign against Portugal. The Caliph Abū Yaʿqūb Yūsuf had died campaigning against Portugal at the siege of Santarém in 1184. Sancho, then heir apparent, had been among the defenders. Yūsuf's son and successor, Yaʿqūb al-Manṣūr, had to confront a rebellion in Africa at the start of his reign. According to Ibn ʿIdhārī, he had by 1188 begun planning to continue the holy war in Portugal. In the summer of 1189, before he was prepar...
- 21 July – 3 September 1189
- Silves and ten other castles in al-Gharb acquired by Portugal
- Portuguese–crusader victory
1188 – Death of Seljuki Khatun. October 11 – Robert I ( the Great ), count of Dreux (b. 1123) November 4 – Theobald of Ostia, French abbot and bishop. November 17 – Usama ibn Munqidh, Arabian poet and knight (b. 1095) December 14 – Berthold I, margrave of Istria and Carniola.
29 de ago. de 2018 · The Siege of Acre, located on the northern coast of Israel, was the first major battle of the Third Crusade (1189-1192 CE). The protracted siege by a mixed force of European armies against the Muslim garrison and nearby army of Saladin, the Sultan Egypt and Syria (r. 1174-1193 CE), lasted from 1189 to 1191 CE.
From 1189 to 1190, the anti-Jewish pogroms in London, York, and numerous other cities and towns displayed cruelty and barbarity never before seen by English Jews. Indeed, these acts of violence distinguished themselves as some of the worst atrocities committed against European Jews in the Middle Ages.
