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Papúa Nueva Guinea, 3 oficialmente denominado Estado Independiente de Papúa Nueva Guinea 6 (en inglés: Independent State of Papua New Guinea; en tok pisin: Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; en hiri motu: Papua Niu Gini ), es un país soberano de Oceanía que ocupa la mitad oriental de la isla de Nueva Guinea y una numerosa cantidad de isla...
- papú,[3] papú neoguineano, papuano-a
Papua New Guinea is a country in Oceania that comprises the eastern half of the island of New Guinea and its offshore islands in Melanesia (a region of the southwestern Pacific Ocean north of Australia).
- Names
- Geography
- Relation to Surroundings
- Political Divisions
- People
- Biodiversity and Ecology
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The island has been known by various names: The name Papua was used to refer to parts of the island before contact with the West. Its etymology is unclear; one theory states that it derived from Tidore, the language used by the Sultanate of Tidore. An expedition by the Sultan of Tidore, together with Sahmardan, the Sangaji of Patani, and the Papuan...
New Guinea is an island to the north of the Australian mainland, south of the equator. It is isolated by the Arafura Sea to the west, and the Torres Strait and Coral Sea to the east. Sometimes considered to be the easternmost island of the Indonesian archipelago, it lies north of Australia's Top End, the Gulf of Carpentaria and Cape York Peninsula,...
The island of New Guinea lies to the east of the Malay Archipelago, with which it is sometimes included as part of a greater Indo-Australian Archipelago. Geologically it is a part of the same tectonic plate as Australia. When world sea levels were low, the two shared shorelines (which now lie 100 to 140 metres below sea level), and combined with la...
The island of New Guinea is divided politicallyinto roughly equal halves across a north–south line: 1. The western portion of the island located west of 141°E longitude (except for a small section of territory to the east of the Fly River which belongs to Papua New Guinea) was formerly a Dutch colony, part of the Dutch East Indies. After the West N...
The current population of the island of New Guinea is about fifteen million. Archaeological evidence indicates that humans may have inhabited the island continuously since 50,000 BCE, and first settlement possibly dating back to 60,000 years ago has been proposed. The island is presently populated by almost a thousand different tribal groups and a ...
With some 786,000 km2 of tropical land—less than one-half of one percent (0.5%) of the Earth's surface—New Guinea has an immense biodiversity, containing between 5 and 10 percent of the total species on the planet. This percentage is about the same amount as that found in the United States or Australia. A high percentage of New Guinea's species are...
Early history
The first inhabitants Indigenous people of New Guinea, from whom the Papuan people are probably descended, adapted to the range of ecologies and, in time, developed one of the earliest known agricultures. Remains of this agricultural system, in the form of ancient irrigation systems in the highlands of Papua New Guinea, are being studied by archaeologists. Research indicates that the highlands were an early and independent center of agriculture, with evidence of irrigation going back at least...
Precolonial history
The western part of the island was in contact with kingdoms in other parts of modern-day Indonesia. The Negarakertagama mentioned the region of Wanin and Sran, in eastern Nusantara as part of Majapahit's tributary. This 'Wanin' has been identified with the Onin Peninsula, part of the Bomberai Peninsula near the city of Fakfak., while 'Sran' had been identified as region of Kowiai, just south of Onin peninsula. The sultans of Tidore, in the Maluku Islands, claimed sovereignty over various coas...
European contact
The first European contact with New Guinea was by Portuguese and Spanish sailors in the 16th century. In 1526–27, Portuguese explorer Jorge de Meneses saw the western tip of New Guinea and named it ilhas dos Papuas. In 1528, the Spanish navigator Álvaro de Saavedra also recorded its sighting when trying to return from Tidore to New Spain. In 1545, Spaniard Íñigo Ortíz de Retes sailed along the north coast of New Guinea as far as the Mamberamo River, near which he landed on 20 June, naming the...
Jared Diamond, Guns, Germs and Steel: A Short History of Everybody for the last 13,000 Years, 1997."New Guinea savannas and grasslands". WWF.PapuaWeb official website Archived 16 January 2021 at the Wayback Machine- 785,753 km² (303,381 sq mi)
- 14,800,000 (2020)
- 2nd
- Melanesia
Papúa Nueva Guinea es la mayor de las naciones insulares del océano Pacífico. Está formada por la mitad oriental de la isla de Nueva Guinea , las islas más occidentales del archipiélago de las islas Salomón , que incluyen la isla de Bougainville , y el archipiélago Bismarck , que incluye Nueva Irlanda , Nueva Bretaña , Nueva Holanda y ...
The prehistory of Papua New Guinea can be traced to about 50,000–60,000 years ago, when people first migrated towards the Australian continent. The written history began when European navigators first sighted New Guinea in the early part of the 17th century. Archaeology. Regions of Oceania: Australasia, Polynesia, Micronesia, and Melanesia.
Historia de Papúa Nueva Guinea. Mapa portugués de Nova Guinea, c. 1600. Se han encontrado restos arqueológicos en Papúa Nueva Guinea que datan del 60 000 años a. C. Estos primeros habitantes probablemente provenían del sudeste de Asia y establecieron una cultura basada en la agricultura.
The geography of Papua New Guinea describes the eastern half of the island of New Guinea, the islands of New Ireland, New Britain and Bougainville, and smaller nearby islands. Together these make up the nation of Papua New Guinea in tropical Oceania, located in the western edge of the Pacific Ocean.
