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In astronomy, the geocentric model (also known as geocentrism, often exemplified specifically by the Ptolemaic system) is a superseded description of the Universe with Earth at the center. Under most geocentric models, the Sun , Moon , stars , and planets all orbit Earth.
In the Hipparchian, Ptolemaic, and Copernican systems of astronomy, the epicycle (from Ancient Greek ἐπίκυκλος (epíkuklos) 'upon the circle', meaning "circle moving on another circle") was a geometric model used to explain the variations in speed and direction of the apparent motion of the Moon, Sun, and planets.
Ptolemaic system, mathematical model of the universe formulated by the Alexandrian astronomer and mathematician Ptolemy about 150 CE and recorded by him in his Almagest and Planetary Hypotheses. The Ptolemaic system is a geocentric cosmology; that is, it starts by assuming that Earth is stationary and at the centre of the universe.
Almagest. An edition in Latin of the Almagestum in 1515. The Almagest / ˈælmədʒɛst / is a 2nd-century mathematical and astronomical treatise on the apparent motions of the stars and planetary paths, written by Claudius Ptolemy ( c. AD 100 – c. 170) in Koine Greek. [1]
3 de abr. de 2024 · Ptolemy made contributions to astronomy, mathematics, geography, musical theory, and optics. He compiled a star catalog and the earliest surviving table of a trigonometric function and established mathematically that an object and its mirror image must make equal angles to a mirror.
7 de sept. de 2023 · Ptolemy's views held sway over astronomy for centuries, but one man did eventually challenge the Ptolemaic model, the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543). From around 1514, Copernicus believed that Earth was a planet which orbited around the Sun, the real central point of our solar system.
Ptolemy's system involved at least 80 epicycles to explain the motions of the Sun, the Moon, and the five planets known in his time. He believed the planets and sun moved around the Earth in this order: Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn. [3] This system became known as the Ptolemaic system.
