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Learn about the different components of a volcano, from magma and vents to lava flows and tephra. Discover how volcanoes erupt, form, and impact the environment and human health.
- Cámara magmática. Si te preguntas cuántas partes tiene un volcán, podríamos decir que en términos generales y según la vulcanología, los volcanes tienen 6 partes, pero se podrían detallar muchas más.
- Chimenea. La chimenea no es más que el conducto que conecta la cámara magmática con el exterior. Entonces, durante una erupción volcánica, el magma asciende hacia la superficie por este conducto.
- Cono volcánico. El cono volcánico es producto de la acumulación de lava solidificada a partir de erupciones sucesivas que ocurrieron a través del tiempo.
- Fisuras. Las fisuras son grietas o hendiduras que se encuentran en el cono volcánico por las cuales también se expulsa la lava. Se originan a partir de la ruptura que genera la poderosa presión que ejercen los gases y el magma al erupcionar.
- Magma Chamber
- Lava
- Main Vent
- Throat
- Crater
- Pyroclastic Flow
- Ash Cloud
- Volcanic Bombs
- Secondary Vent
- Secondary Cone
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A magma chamber is a large underground pool of molten rock sitting underneath the Earth’s crust. The molten rock in such a chamber is under extreme pressure, which in time can lead to the surrounding rock fracturing, creating outlets for the magma. This, combined with the fact that the magma is less dense than the surrounding mantle, allows it to s...
Lava is the silicate rock that is hot enough to be in liquid form, and which is expelled from a volcano during an eruption. The source of the heat that melts the rock is known as geothermal energy – i.e. heat generated within the Earth that is leftover from its formation and the decay of radioactive elements. When lava first erupted from a volcanic...
A volcano’s main vent is the weak point in the Earth’s crust where hot magma has been able to rise from the magma chamber and reach the surface. The familiar cone-shape of many volcanoes are an indication of this, the point at which ash, rock and lava ejected during an eruption fall back to Earth around the vent to form a protrusion.
The uppermost section of the main vent is known as the volcano’s throat. As the entrance to the volcano, it is from here that lava and volcanic ash are ejected.
In addition to cone structures, volcanic activity can also lead to circular depressions (aka. craters) forming in the Earth. A volcanic crater is typically a basin, circular in form, which can be large in radius and sometimes great in depth. In these cases, the lava vent is located at the bottom of the crater. They are formed during certain types o...
Otherwise known as a pyroclastic density current, a pyroclastic flow refers to a fast-moving current of hot gas and rock that is moving away from a volcano. Such flows can reach speeds of up to 700 km/h (450 mph), with the gas reaching temperatures of about 1,000 °C (1,830 °F). Pyroclastic flows normally hug the ground and travel downhill from thei...
Volcanic ash consists of small pieces of pulverized rock, minerals and volcanic glass created during a volcanic eruption. These fragments are generally very small, measuring less than 2 mm (0.079 inches) in diameter. This sort of ash forms as a result of volcanic explosions, where dissolved gases in magma expand to the point where the magma shatter...
In addition to ash, volcanic eruptions have also been known to send larger projectiles flying through the air. Known as volcanic bombs, these ejecta are defined as those that measure more than 64mm (2.5 inches) in diameter, and which are formed when a volcano ejects viscous fragments of lava during an eruption. These cool before they hit the ground...
On large volcanoes, magma can reach the surface through several different vents. Where they reach the surface of the volcano, they form what is referred to as a secondary vent. Where they are interrupted by accumulated ash and solidified lava, they become what is known as a Dike. And where these intrude between cracks, pool and then crystallize, th...
Also known as a Parasitic Cone, secondary cones build up around secondary vents that reach the surface on larger volcanoes. As they deposit lava and ash on the exterior, they form a smaller cone, one that resembles a horn on the main cone. Yes indeed, volcanoes are as powerful as they are dangerous. And yet, without these geological phenomena occas...
Learn about the different parts of a volcano, from the magma chamber deep underground to the ash cloud in the sky. Find out how volcanoes are formed, what types of eruptions they have, and what effects they can have on the environment.
- ¿Qué es un volcán? Un volcán es una abertura en la corteza terrestre, por la que puede emerger el magma o lava, junto a gases, cenizas y otros materiales provenientes de las profundidades de la Tierra.
- Características de los volcanes. Los volcanes pueden tener muchas formas, pero generalmente consisten en una estructura cónica consecuencia de la deposición de materiales tras las sucesivas erupciones.
- ¿Cómo se forman los volcanes? Por lo general, los volcanes se forman en el borde de las placas tectónicas, especialmente en donde se ha producido la subducción de una por debajo de otra, o sea, donde dos placas han chocado y una de las dos se deforma hacia abajo, sumergiéndose en el magma caliente de la litósfera.
- Tipos de volcanes. Existen diversos tipos de volcanes, dependiendo de su lugar de formación y de su forma específica. Los más frecuentes son: Estratovolcán.
- Cráter. Es la abertura que comúnmente se localiza en la cima del volcán y por donde se expulsa la lava, las cenizas y todos los materiales piroclastos (fragmentos de roca ígnea volcánica, cristales de distintos minerales, etcétera).
- Caldera. Suele ser confundido con el cráter, pero se trata de una gran depresión que se forma cuando un volcán libera la mayoría de los contenidos de su cámara de magma en una erupción.
- Cono volcánico. Es la acumulación de lava solidificada y piroclastos fuera del volcán, producto de las erupciones o explosiones suscitadas a lo largo del tiempo.
- Fisuras. Las fisuras volcánicas son unas hendiduras o grietas alargadas de ventilación por donde se expulsa el magma o gases internos hacia la superficie.
Las 15 partes de un volcán (y sus características) Un volcán es una estructura geológica a través de la cual emerge magma procedente del interior de la Tierra en forma de erupciones con actividad violenta. Diseccionemos a estos volcanes.
23 de dic. de 2021 · Learn about the formation, structure, and types of volcanoes, from the magma chamber to the crater. Discover the different parts of a volcano and how they affect the eruption patterns and the environment.
