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Between the 9th and 13th centuries England went through the Medieval Warm Period, a prolonged period of warmer temperatures; in the early 13th century, for example, summers were around 1 °C warmer than today and the climate was slightly drier.
- Great Vowel Shift
- The English Renaissance
- Printing Press and Standardization
- The Bible
- Dictionaries and Grammars
- Golden Age of English Literature
- William Shakespeare
- International Trade
A major factor separating Middle English from Modern English is known as the Great Vowel Shift, a radical change in pronunciation during the 15th, 16th and 17th Century, as a result of which long vowel sounds began to be made higher and further forward in the mouth (short vowel sounds were largely unchanged). In fact, the shift probably started ver...
The next wave of innovation in English vocabulary came with the revival of classical scholarship known as the Renaissance. The English Renaissance roughly covers the 16th and early 17th Century (the European Renaissance had begun in Italy as early as the 14th Century), and is often referred to as the “Elizabethan Era” or the “Age of Shakespeare” af...
The final major factor in the development of Modern English was the advent of the printing press, one of the world’s great technological innovations, introduced into England by William Caxton in 1476 (Johann Gutenberg had originally invented the printing press in Germany around 1450). The first book printed in the English language was Caxton’s own ...
Two particularly influential milestones in English literature were published in the 16th and early 17th Century. In 1549, the “Book of Common Prayer” (a translation of the Church liturgy in English, substantially revised in 1662) was introduced into English churches, followed in 1611 by the Authorized, or King James, Version of “The Bible”, the cul...
The first English dictionary, “A Table Alphabeticall”, was published by English schoolteacher Robert Cawdrey in 1604 (8 years before the first Italian dictionary, and 35 years before the first French dictionary, although admittedly some 800 years after the first Arabic dictionary and nearly 1,000 after the first Sanskrit dictionary). Cawdrey’s litt...
All languages tend to go through phases of intense generative activity, during which many new words are added to the language. One such peak for the English language was the Early Modern period of the 16th to 18th Century, a period sometimes referred to as the Golden Age of English Literature (other peaks include the Industrial Revolution of the la...
Whatever the merits of the other contributions to this golden age, though, it is clear that one man, William Shakespeare, single-handedly changed the English language to a significant extent in the late 16th and early 17th Century. Shakespeare took advantage of the relative freedom and flexibility and the protean nature of English at the time, and ...
While all these important developments were underway, British naval superiority was also growing. In the 16th and 17th centuries, international trade expanded immensely, and loanwords were absorbed from the languages of many other countries throughout the world, including those of other trading and imperial nations such as Spain, Portugal and the N...
13th century[edit] 1209 King John excommunicated by Pope Innocent III. 1212 Great Fire of 1212, London. 1215 Magna Carta is agreed by King John at Runnymede. 1216 Death of King John, Henry III succeeds to the throne of England. 1237 Border between Scotland and England by the Treaty of York.
17 de jun. de 2011 · In the last quarter of the 13th century, English dominance over Ireland, Scotland and Wales was apparently being achieved. But that famous image of Edward I with Scots and Welsh rulers...
19 de abr. de 2024 · Middle Ages, the period in European history from the collapse of Roman civilization in the 5th century CE to the dawn of the Renaissance (variously interpreted as beginning in the 13th, 14th, or 15th century, depending on the region of Europe and other factors).
Robert of Gloucester, a late 13th-century chronicler (fl. 1260-1300; his Chronicle ends in 1271) tells how this came about: Much sorrow has been often in England, As you may hear and understand, Of many battles that have been and men have conquered this land. First, as you have heard, the emperors of Rome.
c. 1200. The new Christian doctrine of Transubstantiation prompts rumours that the Jews desecrate the consecrated Host. Go to transubstantiation in World Encyclopedia (1 ed.) See this event in other timelines: 12th century. Religion. Christianity. Judaism.
![English soldiers of the 13th century [graphic] / [James Robinson ...](https://mx.images.search.yahoo.com/search/images?p=13th+century+english+history&ei=UTF-8&fl=0&rd=r2&norw=1&age=1m&fr=yhs-Elex-elex_22find&th=115.2&tw=80.9&imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fluna.folger.edu%2FMediaManager%2Fsrvr%3Fmediafile%3D%2FSize4%2FFOLGERCM1-6-NA%2F1118%2F021490.jpg&rurl=http%3A%2F%2Fluna.folger.edu%2Fluna%2Fservlet%2Fdetail%2FFOLGERCM1%7E6%7E6%7E271001%7E118637%3AEnglish-soldiers-of-the-13th-centur&size=343KB&name=English+soldiers+of+the+13th+century+%5Bgraphic%5D+%2F+%5BJames+Robinson+...&oid=5&h=1536&w=1078&turl=https%3A%2F%2Ftse1.mm.bing.net%2Fth%3Fid%3DOIP.ibUGY710KPWf491dFxujfwHaKj%26pid%3DApi%26rs%3D1%26c%3D1%26qlt%3D95%26w%3D80%26h%3D115&tt=English+soldiers+of+the+13th+century+%5Bgraphic%5D+%2F+%5BJames+Robinson+...&sigr=wDVWsrxoZE9f&sigit=iSwhOfVv42UJ&sigi=i77VF5DYFNfT&sign=dQ1AmiGH2qGZ&sigt=dQ1AmiGH2qGZ "English soldiers of the 13th century [graphic] / [James Robinson ...")
